What is the difference between nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis?
Nephrolithiasis is defined as calcification that lies in the collecting system, bladder, ureter and calyceal system. The majority of calculi are found in the pelvicalyceal system and can be passed into the ureter. Nephrocalcinosis is renal calcification that occurs in the renal parenchyma.
What are the 3 types of kidney stones?
Types of kidney stones
- Calcium stones. Most kidney stones are calcium stones, usually in the form of calcium oxalate.
- Struvite stones. Struvite stones form in response to a urinary tract infection.
- Uric acid stones.
- Cystine stones.
What are the two types of renal calculi?
Types of kidney stones
- Calcium oxalate: The most common type of kidney stone which is created when calcium combines with oxalate in the urine.
- Uric acid: This is another common type of kidney stone.
- Struvite: These stones are less common and are caused by infections in the upper urinary tract.
What is the difference between medullary sponge kidney and nephrocalcinosis?
5 The primary difference between MSK and medullary nephrocalcinosis is that MSK is dilation of the collecting ducts of Bellini, whereas medul- lary nephrocalcinosis is calcium deposits or kidney stones within the dilated collecting ducts.
What is obstructive nephrolithiasis?
Kidney stones that block the flow of urine from the kidney or down the ureter are called obstructive kidney stones. Depending on stone size and location the blockage can be complete or partial. Non-obstructing stones do not block urine flow but can also cause symptoms that are commonly associated with kidney stones.
Can Nephrocalcinosis cause kidney failure?
Childhood nephrocalcinosis occurs in the medullary form in most cases and can progress to chronic kidney failure with a need for dialysis during childhood or early adulthood [7].
What is the hardest kidney stone?
The calcium oxalate kidney stone comes in two varieties, calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate. The former are harder and therefore more resistant to fragmentation by lithotripsy.
Is nephrolithiasis a disease?
Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is a condition in which individuals form calculi (stones) within the renal pelvis and tubular lumens. Stones form from crystals that precipitate (separate) out of the urine.
Is medullary sponge kidney the same as polycystic kidney disease?
Medullary sponge kidney might be a precursor of polycystic kidney disease in some instances or, more likely, this represents two separate afflictions occurring in the same individuals.
Nephrolithiasis and Nephrocalcinosis. Nephrolithiasis refers to stone formation within the renal tubules or collecting system, although calculi are often found within the ureters or in the bladder. 1–3 Most renal calculi are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, struvite, uric acid, and cystine.
Is nephrocalcinosis genetic?
Some of the underlying disorders that can cause nephrocalcinosis are genetic, with the inheritance pattern depending on the specific disorder. Treatment differs depending on the cause of nephrocalcinosis and often aims to prevent more calcium from being deposited in the kidneys.
What are renal calculi in nephrolithiasis?
Nephrolithiasis refers to stone formation within the renal tubules or collecting system, although calculi are often found within the ureters or in the bladder.1–3 Most renal calculi are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, struvite, uric acid, and cystine.
What are the treatment options for nephrocalcinosis?
Treatment of nephrocalcinosis includes treating the underlying condition causing nephrocalcinosis, if it is known. The goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms and prevent more calcium from being deposited in the kidneys. Measures are usually taken to reduce abnormal levels of calcium, phosphate, and oxalate in the blood.