What is the difference between DKA and honk?
The key distinction between DKA and HONK seems to be the fact that in HONk, there is still enough insulin to overcome the ketogenic effects of glucagon. Glucagon inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which normally converts acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA.
What is the pathophysiology of HHNS?
Pathophysiology. Elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone) initiate HHS by stimulating hepatic glucose production through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia, intracellular water depletion, and subsequent osmotic diuresis.
What is the difference between honk and HHS?
Hperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) previously known as hyperosmolar nonketotic (HONK) coma is a syndrome characterized by extreme elevations in serum glucose concentrations, hyperosmolality and dehydration without significant ketosis (1,2).
What is honk called now?
| Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC), hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HONK), nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) |
| Specialty | Endocrinology |
| Symptoms | Signs of dehydration, altered level of consciousness |
How is honk diagnosed?
Immediate Investigations Establish Diagnosis ▪ Laboratory glucose ▪ Urea, electrolytes and creatinine ▪ Blood gas (venous unless O2 saturations low) ▪ Urine dip The diagnostic criteria for HONK are: ▪ Serum osmolality >320mOsm/kg ▪ Urine ketones -/tr/+ ▪ Plasma glucose >40 If laboratory osmolality is difficult to …
Can Type 1 diabetics get honk?
Introduction Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar non-ketotic hyperglycaemia (HONK) are hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar states and represent the acute hyperglycaemic complications of diabetes. DKA is caused by absolute insulin deficiency and is usually seen in the context of type 1 diabetes.
How is Hyperosmolarity diagnosed?
Your doctor will examine you, ask about your symptoms, and order a blood test to check your blood sugar level. A very high blood sugar level (over 600 mg/dL) with low ketone levels (acids in blood and urine) will help the doctor make a diagnosis of HHS.
How do you treat Hhnks?
Treatment. Treatment typically involves starting intravenous (IV) fluids (saline solution delivered through a needle into a vein) to rehydrate the body quickly. It also may require IV insulin to bring down blood sugar levels. If you are hospitalized due to HHNS, you may be kept overnight for observation.
What is Honk coma in diabetes?
Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma is a dangerous condition brought on by very high blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes (above 33 mmol/L). Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma is a short term complication requiring immediate treatment by a healthcare professional. Symptoms of HONK.
What is the mortality and morbidity associated with Honk syndrome?
HONK HONK has a mortality of 50%. This is partly because HONK has an insidious, gradual onset but is also because 60% of cases occur in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, affecting an older population with more significant co-morbidities.
What does Honk mean in medical terms?
Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (HONK) Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma is a dangerous condition brought on by very high blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes (above 33 mmol/L). Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma is a short term complication requiring immediate treatment by a healthcare professional.
What is the pathophysiology of Type 1 diabetes?
The metabolic effect of insulin is countered by hormones such as glucagon and catecholamines. In type 1 diabetes, there is the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas. Only about 5% to 10% of all diabetes falls into this category. The most common complication of type 1 diabetes is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).