What is urothelial carcinoma in situ?
Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a high-grade noninvasive malignancy with a high tendency of progression. Although it is typically grouped with other nonmuscle invasive bladder cancers, its higher grade and aggressiveness make it a unique clinical entity.
Can urothelial carcinoma be cured?
These cancers can be cured with treatment. During long-term follow-up care, more superficial cancers are often found in the bladder or in other parts of the urinary system. Although these new cancers do need to be treated, they rarely are deeply invasive or life threatening.
What does muscularis propria mean?
Muscularis propria is thick aggregated muscle bundles of detrusor muscle; must distinguish from hypertrophic muscularis mucosae. Muscularis propria invasion prompts definitive therapy, typically cystectomy with or without neoadjuvant therapy.
What is infiltrating urothelial carcinoma?
Invasive urothelial carcinoma is a type of transitional cell carcinoma. It is a type of cancer that develops in the urinary system: the kidney, urinary bladder, and accessory organs.
Is carcinoma in situ considered malignant?
Carcinoma in situ refers to cancer in which abnormal cells have not spread beyond where they first formed. The words “in situ” mean “in its original place.” These in situ cells are not malignant, or cancerous. However, they can sometime become cancerous and spread to other nearby locations.
What causes urothelial carcinoma?
The major cause of urothelial cancer is cigarette smoking. A strong correlation exists between the duration and amount of cigarette smoking and cancers at all levels of the urothelial tract. This association holds for both transitional cell and squamous cell carcinomas.
What is urothelial carcinoma high grade?
Low-grade tumors look more like normal cells and tend to grow slowly. High-grade cancer cells look more abnormal and can grow quickly. Based on these categories, papillary tumors of the bladder are divided into four types: Papilloma: This is a noncancerous tumor growing out of the bladder lining.
How serious is carcinoma in situ?
What stage is carcinoma in situ?
In general, carcinoma in situ is the earliest form of cancer, and is considered stage 0. An example of carcinoma in situ is ductal carcinoma in situ, or DCIS, which is considered an early form of breast cancer and occurs when abnormal cells form a breast’s milk duct.