What are the three types of polio vaccine?
Production and control of polio vaccines
- An inactivated (killed) polio vaccine (IPV) developed by Dr. Jonas Salk and first used in 1955, and.
- A live attenuated (weakened) oral polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Dr. Albert Sabin and first used in 1961.
Is polio vaccine still made from monkeys?
A 1989 letter from Japanese researchers to the journal AIDS noting that most live oral polio vaccines worldwide are still made in kidney-cell cultures from African green monkeys.
How effective was the Sabin polio vaccine?
On April 12, 1955, Thomas Francis, Salk’s mentor and the director of the trial, reported that the vaccine was safe, potent, and 90% effective in protecting against paralytic poliomyelitis.
Is polio a virus or bacteria?
Polio is a viral disease which may affect the spinal cord causing muscle weakness and paralysis. The polio virus enters the body through the mouth, usually from hands contaminated with the stool of an infected person. Polio is more common in infants and young children and occurs under conditions of poor hygiene.
Which is better IPV or OPV?
The IPV that has been used in the United States since 1987 is as effective as OPV for preventing polio. Two doses of IPV provides 90% immunity (protection) to all three types of poliovirus; 3 doses provides at least 99% immunity.
How did chimps get SIV?
The same scientists then conducted more research into how SIV could have developed in the chimps. They discovered that the chimps had hunted and eaten two smaller species of monkeys (red-capped mangabeys and greater spot-nosed monkeys). These smaller monkeys infected the chimps with two different strains of SIV.
What is the difference between Salk and Sabin vaccines?
In the developing world, however, outbreaks of poliovirus still occur sporadically, an ironic consequence of the polio vaccine itself. The polio vaccine comes in two types: the Salk vaccine, made with a killed virus and the Sabin vaccine, made with a live but weakened, or attenuated, virus.
When was the Salk polio vaccine?
On March 26, 1953, American medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk announces on a national radio show that he has successfully tested a vaccine against poliomyelitis, the virus that causes the crippling disease of polio.