What is the role of LCAT in reverse cholesterol transport?
Reverse Cholesterol Transport in HDL Metabolism LCAT is responsible for the esterification of free cholesterol and thus for the maturation of small preß-HDL into larger CE-enriched HDL particles. Once esterified, cholesterol moves from the surface to the hydrophobic core of the HDL particles.
What is the process of reverse cholesterol transport?
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a process by which cholesterol in nonhepatic tissues is transported back to the liver via plasma components, such as HDL, along with ATP binding cassette transporters, such as ABCA1 and ABCG1 [60].
Which enzyme is responsible for the reverse cholesterol transport?
Reverse cholesterol transport is a multi-step process resulting in the net movement of cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver via the plasma compartment. Cellular cholesterol efflux is mediated by HDL, acting in conjunction with the cholesterol esterifying enzyme, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase.
How is cholesterol transported through the body?
Cholesterol is transported by complex particles, called lipoproteins, which have specific proteins on their surface. These proteins, called apolipoproteins, have an essential function in the metabolism of lipoproteins.
What is the purpose of LCAT?
The LCAT enzyme helps transport cholesterol out of the blood and tissues by a process called cholesterol esterification. This process results in a form of cholesterol that is more efficiently carried by molecules called lipoproteins, which transport the cholesterol to the liver.
What does LDL and HDL transport?
LDL and HDL Cholesterol: “Bad” and “Good” Cholesterol. Cholesterol travels through the blood on proteins called “lipoproteins.” Two types of lipoproteins carry cholesterol throughout the body: LDL (low-density lipoprotein), sometimes called “bad” cholesterol, makes up most of your body’s cholesterol.
How is cholesterol transported to the liver?
The HDL then transports the cholesterol to the liver either directly by interacting with hepatic SR-B1 or indirectly by transferring the cholesterol to VLDL or LDL, a process facilitated by CETP. Cholesterol efflux from macrophages to HDL plays an important role in protecting from the development of atherosclerosis.
Which plays the largest role in reverse cholesterol transport?
HDL plays a critical role in reverse cholesterol transport, from peripheral tissues to the liver (Figure 6, Animated). The major lipoprotein components in HDL are ApoAI, ApoCII, and ApoE.
Which lipoprotein is involved in reverse cholesterol transport?
HDL-c.
Reverse cholesterol transport is a mechanism by which the body removes excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and delivers them to the liver, where it will be redistributed to other tissues or removed from the body by the gallbladder. The main lipoprotein involved in this process is the HDL-c.
What type of transport is used for cholesterol?
Since cholesterol is a water-insoluble molecule it must be packaged for transport within the plasma. The particles that package cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and triglycerides for transport, are called lipoproteins. There are five main classifications of lipoproteins based on their size and density.
What is the difference between LCAT and ACAT?
LCAT and ACAT also differ in the sources they use for the acyl chains. LCAT uses phosphatidylcholine while ACAT uses acyl-CoA. Inhibiting these enzymes is one way of lowering the circulating lipids in plasma.
Why is CETP important?
CETP is an enzyme responsible for moving cholesterol esters and triglycerides between VLDL, LDL, and HDL. Lower CETP levels promote HDL formation. Since higher HDL levels are associated with decreased risk of atherosclerosis, the activity of CETP is thought to promote development of the disease by reducing HDL levels.