What is the function of RAD51?
The RAD51 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is essential for repairing damaged DNA. Breaks in DNA can be caused by natural and medical radiation or other environmental exposures, and also occur when chromosomes exchange genetic material in preparation for cell division.
What is RAD51 foci formation?
Abstract. The formation of RAD51 foci in response to ionizing radiation (IR) represents an important step in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. RAD51 foci also appear during S phase and are thought to be required for the restart of stalled or broken replication forks.
What does RAD51 do in homologous recombination?
Function. In humans, RAD51 is a 339-amino acid protein that plays a major role in homologous recombination of DNA during double strand break repair. In this process, an ATP dependent DNA strand exchange takes place in which a template strand invades base-paired strands of homologous DNA molecules.
What is the role of RAD51 in eukaryotic recombination events?
In all eukaryotic organisms, Rad51, a relative of the E. coli RecA protein, is the sole strand exchange protein responsible for mitotic recombinational repair of DNA. Rad51 is also critical for meiotic recombination, and thus rad51 mutants are sterile.
What is γ H2AX?
Phosphorylation of the Ser-139 residue of the histone variant H2AX, forming γH2AX, is an early cellular response to the induction of DNA double-strand breaks. Detection of this phosphorylation event has emerged as a highly specific and sensitive molecular marker for monitoring DNA damage initiation and resolution.
What is the role of Rad51 in eukaryotic recombination events?
Why do Holliday junctions occur?
Holliday junction, cross-shaped structure that forms during the process of genetic recombination, when two double-stranded DNA molecules become separated into four strands in order to exchange segments of genetic information.
What is the role of RAD51 in DNA repair?
I. Murfuni, U. Rass, in DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy (Second Edition), 2016 RAD51 protects stalled replication forks and is the central strand exchange factor in all HR repair reactions.
Is the RAD51 assay feasible for palb2-related hereditary cancer?
In an independent BC PDX panel, the predictive capacity of the RAD51 score and the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score were compared. To examine the clinical feasibility of the RAD51 assay, we scored archival breast tumor samples, including PALB2-related hereditary cancers.
What is the significance of the RAD51 score?
The RAD51 score shows complete discriminative capacity in predicting PARP inhibitor response. The RAD51 score is feasible in routine breast tumor samples without prior exposure to DNA damaging agents. Carrying a PALB2 mutation is associated with a low RAD51score.
Is the RAD51 score a valid measure of Parpi sensitivity to Parpi resistance?
The RAD51 score was highly discriminative of PARPi sensitivity versus PARPi resistance in BC PDXs and outperformed the genomic test. In clinical samples, all PALB2-related tumors were classified as HRR-deficient by the RAD51 score.