What are TK6 cells?
TK6 is a human B lymphoblastoid cell line that was isolated from a spontaneous immortalized lymphoblast culture WIL2 in 1968 (Levy et al., 1968).
What are lymphoblastoid cells?
A lymphoblast is a modified naive lymphocyte with altered cell morphology. It occurs when the lymphocyte is activated by an antigen (from antigen-presenting cells) and increased in volume by nucleus and cytoplasm growth as well as new mRNA and protein synthesis.
What are lymphoblastoid cell lines used for?
Abstract: Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) represent a convenient research tool for expanding the amount of biologic material available from an individual. LCLs are commonly used as reference materials, most notably from the Genome in a Bottle Consortium.
Are lymphoblasts normal?
Lymphoblasts are not normally found in the blood, and they don’t function like normal, mature white blood cells. Even though these findings may suggest leukemia, the disease usually is not diagnosed without looking at a sample of bone marrow cells.
How is EBV prevented?
Prevention & Treatment There is no vaccine to protect against EBV infection. You can help protect yourself by not kissing or sharing drinks, food, or personal items, like toothbrushes, with people who have EBV infection.
How do you make LCLs?
LCLs can be established by in vitro infection of resting B cells from peripheral blood with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) resulting in a continuous source, bearing negligible genetic and phenotypic alterations.
What do lymphoblasts do?
Lymphoblasts usually develop into healthy lymphocytes, which fight infection. But in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the lymphoblasts don’t mature. Instead, they multiply rapidly in bone marrow and interfere with all blood cell production.
What do lymphoblasts look like?
Lymphoblasts are small to medium-sized with scant agranular cytoplasm, oval nuclei, immature chromatin and variably prominent nucleoli. Lymphoblasts can be difficult to tell from lymphocytes. Lymphoblast exhibit a squishy contour and may show cells that consist almost entirely of nucleus.
How do you grow lymphoblasts?
Lymphoblastoid cell lines grow in suspension culture with cells clumped in loose aggregates. These aggregates can be dissociated by gently agitating the culture or by gentle trituration with a pipette. Cultures should be seeded at a concentration of no less than 200,000 viable cells/ml.
What is the difference between lymphocytes and lymphoblasts?
Unlike lymphocytes, lymphoblasts are progenitors whose function is to differentiate and give rise to lymphocyte precursors. For this reason, they do not need to leave the bone marrow. Lymphocytes, on the other hand, are more differentiated and can readily mature to produce specialized cells.
TK6 cells express wild-type (WT) p53 protein with a near diploid karyotype, and therefore they are more physiologically relevant than other commonly used cell models. These features make TK6 cells a useful cell model for in vitro genotoxicity testing ( Kirkland et al., 2007; Whitwell et al., 2015 ).
What is the history of lymphoblastoid TK6 cell line?
The human lymphoblastoid TK6 cell line was established in 1978 from the parent cell line WI-L2 that was derived from a 5-year-old male with hereditary spherocytosis ( Lorge et al., 2016 ).
Are TK6 cells better than other lymphocytes for genotoxicity testing?
Results of genotoxicity tests performed in TK6 cells showed a better correlation with results obtained in primary human lymphocytes compared with rodent and HepG2 cell lines ( Fowler et al., 2014 ). It has been demonstrated that human TK6 cells have negligible expression of the major CYPs responsible for metabolic transformation of chemicals.
Which TK6 cell lines are used for chromosome aberration?
TK6 cells, which are grown in suspension, are also one of the most frequently used cell lines for the in vitro chromosome aberration, MN, and comet assays. Recent whole-genome sequencing indicated negligible variability between TK6 and the human reference genome (Revollo et al., 2016).