Where is a tripod fracture located?
They are the second most common facial bone fracture after nasal bone injuries. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma.
What is a displaced tripod fracture?
The displaced tripod fragment may physically restrict motion of the mandible. In some cases, force may propagate along the long axis of the lateral orbital wall and involve the orbital apex or optic canal, resulting in diminished vision. CT is extremely helpful in evaluating these fractures.
How do you fix a broken ZMC?
The most common indication for surgery in ZMC fractures is displacement and rotation, and most displaced ZMC fractures should be treated surgically. If reduction is not performed properly, facial asymmetry will be prominent, as the result of lowering the malar prominent point [2].
What bones are in a tripod fracture?
Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures, also known as tripod, tetrapod, quadripod, malar or trimalar fractures, are seen in the setting of traumatic injury to the face….They comprise fractures of the:
- zygomatic arch.
- inferior orbital rim, and anterior and posterior maxillary sinus walls.
- lateral orbital rim.
What is a tripod fracture and name the bones that is involved?
tri·pod frac·ture. a facial fracture involving the three supports of the malar prominence, the arch of the zygomatic bone, the zygomatic process of the frontal bone, and the zygomatic process of the maxillary bone.
Does tripod fracture need surgery?
Fractures with displacement require surgery consisting of fracture reduction with miniplates, microplates and screws. Gillie’s approach is used for depressed zygomatic fractures. The prognosis of tripod fractures is generally good.
Which bone is involved with a tripod fracture?
Pertinent anatomy: Buttresses: two major buttresses of the ZMC are the upper transverse maxillary (across the zygomaticomaxillary and zygomaticotemporal sutures) and the lateral vertical maxillary (across the zygomaticomaxillary and frontozygomatic sutures)
What are the surgical approaches commonly used in treatment of ZMC fractures?
Common surgical approaches to the ZMC buttresses include sublabial, lateral orbit, lower eyelid, and scalp incisions. These incisions should be used in a hierarchical fashion starting with the sublabial incision.
What is a ZMC?
The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) plays a key role in the structure, function, and aesthetic appearance of the facial skeleton. It provides normal cheek contour and separates the orbital contents from the temporal fossa and the maxillary sinus.
What is the zygomaticomaxillary?
The zygomaticomaxillary suture is a cranial suture between the maxilla and the zygomatic bone, on the floor of the orbit.
What is a tripod fracture in the eye?
The Tripod Fracture. The first is a fracture through the zygomatic arch (1). Next, the fracture extends across the floor of the orbit and includes the maxillary sinus (2). Finally, the fracture includes the lateral orbital rim and wall (3). Extraocular muscles may become trapped in the fracture line, leading to diplopia.
How do you fix a tripod fracture?
Zygomatic Complex Fracture (Tripod Fracture) Deviation of the mandible to the side away from the injury can help improve extrusion of the jaw Be prepared for flexible endoscopic nasal and tracheostomy, especially in cases of cervical spine injury where exposure would be difficult.
What is a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture?
The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) plays a key role in the structure, function, and esthetic appearance of the facial skeleton.[1] A ZMC fracture is also known as a tripod, tetrapod or quadripod fracture, trimalar fracture or malar fracture.
How do you diagnose a broken maxillary sinus?
Use bone windows to evaluate the maxillary sinus for fracture. Defects in the thin bony wall can often be seen directly. Fluid in the maxillary sinus appears gray and should be suspected of being blood from a fracture following trauma—even if the fracture itself is not seen.