How does the basic oxygen process work?
basic oxygen process (BOP), a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blast-furnace iron and scrap. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic (heat-releasing) reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and manganese.
How do steel plants produce oxygen?
Iron and steel are normally produced with the aid of oxygen in the form of air or an oxide of iron. The oxidation processes in iron and steel- making are of three distinct types, combustion of fuel gases for heating; oxidation of metalloids in the liquid phase; and combustion of solid fuels.
What is Linz donawitz process?
The Linz-Donawitz process, invented in Austria shortly after World War II, used oxygen supplied as a gas from a tonnage oxygen plant, blowing it at supersonic velocity into the top of the molten iron in a converter vessel.
How is the basic oxygen furnace charged?
Basic oxygen furnaces use pig iron and small amounts of scrap as their primary material inputs and typically melt the furnace charge with coke oven, blast furnace, and natural gas. Electricity and fuel oils are used to drive ancillary processes (Fig. 7).
What are uses of oxygen?
Common uses of oxygen include production of steel, plastics and textiles, brazing, welding and cutting of steels and other metals, rocket propellant, oxygen therapy, and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving.
Which is basic oxygen furnace?
The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is a vessel used to convert pig iron, of about 94 percent iron and 6 percent combined impurities such as carbon, manganese, and silicon, into steel with as little as 1 percent combined impurities.
How is oxygen produced?
The most common natural method is photo-synthesis, in which plants use sunlight convert carbon dioxide in the air into oxygen. Oxygen can also be produced as the result of a chemical reaction in which oxygen is freed from a chemical compound and becomes a gas.
How medical oxygen is manufactured?
Most medical oxygen is produced in factories, of which there are around 500 in India. They extract oxygen from air by cooling it until it becomes liquid, and then separating out the oxygen, nitrogen and other parts, based on their boiling points.
What is LD converter gas?
Converter gas is also known as LD gas. It is a byproduct gas produced during the production of liquid steel in a basic oxygen furnace (converter), where impurities of hot metal are oxidized with oxygen gas. Composition wise it is similar to blast furnace gas but with lesser percentage of nitrogen in it.
Why is it called basic oxygen furnace?
Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or dolomite, which are chemical bases, are added to promote the removal of impurities and protect the lining of the converter.
What is the basic oxygen process?
Basic oxygen process. Written By: Basic oxygen process (BOP), a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blast-furnace iron and scrap. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic (heat-releasing) reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and manganese.
What is meant by basic oxygen steelmaking?
Basic oxygen steelmaking. Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, or OSM), also known as Linz–Donawitz-steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel.
What are the methods of making oxygen in a gas furnace?
Basic oxygen process. Yet another variation, which has found wide application in top-blown furnaces, is the injection of inert gases into the molten bath through permeable blocks in the bottom of the vessel for the purpose of enhancing chemical reactions.
Why is pure oxygen used in the Bessemer process?
This melts the scrap, lowers the carbon content of the molten iron and helps remove unwanted chemical elements. It is this use of pure oxygen (instead of air) that improves upon the Bessemer process, as the nitrogen (an undesirable element) and other gases in air do not react with the charge, and decrease efficiency of furnace.