What is scalenes?
Scalene are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck: scalenus anterior, scalenus medius and scalenus posterior. Sometimes a fourth muscle, the scalenus minimus is present behind the lower portion of the scalenus anterior.
What is Interscalene triangle?
Excerpt. The inter-scalene triangle is a region of the neck that holds fundamental structures to the upper extremity function. The triangle is composed of two muscles and the first rib. The two neck muscles are the anterior and middle scalenes.
What is scalenus anterior?
Description. The anterior scalene, AKA scalenus anterior (scalenus anticus; Latin: musculus scalenus anterior) muscle is one of the lateral muscles of the neck, belonging to the scalene group. It is deeply placed, lying behind the Sternocleidomastoid. It is located between the subclavian vein and the subclavian artery.
What attaches to the scalene tubercle?
First rib. The scalene tubercle is a small projection that runs along the medial border of the first rib between two grooves, which travel anteriorly for the subclavian artery and posteriorly for the subclavian vein. It projects outward medially, and is the site of insertion for scalenus anterior, and scalenus medius.
What is inferior to Scalenes?
The scalenus anterior muscle forms the anterior border of the interscalene (scalene) triangle. The posterior border of this space is formed by the scalenus medius, while the inferior border is comprised by the first rib.
Where is Scalenes located?
The scalene muscles are located deep in relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, lateral to the cervical spine, connecting the vertebrae to the first two ribs. The deep fascia or prevertebral fascia envelop the scalene muscles.
What nerve runs over anterior scalene?
The phrenic nerve is oriented vertically as it passes in front of the anterior scalene, while the subclavian vein is oriented horizontally as it passes in front of the anterior scalene muscle.
What passes through the scalene gap?
The scalene triangle is bound by the anterior and middle scalene muscles, with the first rib at the base. The brachial plexus nerves (yellow) and the subclavian artery (red) pass through the scalene triangle, while the subclavian vein (blue) passes in front.
What action do the scalene muscles produce unilaterally?
When the head is the anatomical position (upright and facing anteriorly), unilateral contraction of the muscle causes ipsilateral flexion of the neck (to the same side).
What is the relationship between the scalene hiatus and clavicle?
Relations. The passing of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery through the space of the anterior and middle scalene muscles constitute the scalene hiatus (the term “scalene fissure” is also used). The region in which this lies is referred to as the scaleotracheal fossa. It is bounded by the clavicle inferior anteriorly,…
What is the relationship between the scalene and anterior scalene?
Anatomical Relationships. The scalene muscles are an important part of the anatomy of the neck, with several important structures located between and around them. The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles.
What are the different types of scalene muscles?
The Scalene Muscles 1 Anterior Scalene. The anterior scalene muscle lies on the lateral aspect of the neck,… 2 Middle Scalene. The middle scalene is the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles. 3 Posterior Scalene. The posterior scalene is the smallest and deepest of the scalene muscles.
What is the attachment to the scalene tubercle?
Attachments: Originates from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C6, and attaches onto the scalene tubercle, on the inner border of the first rib. Function: Elevation of the first rib. Ipsilateral contraction causes ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck, and bilateral contraction causes anterior flexion of the neck.