What is a orthotopic mouse model?

Orthotopic models involve implantation of tumor cell lines or patient-derived cell xenografts into animal tumor models into the organ or tissue which matches the tumor histotype. This creates a more disease-relevant environment for the assessment of tumor growth, which can be analyzed by optical imaging.

What is an autochthonous mouse model?

Autochthonous Mouse Models. Autochthonous mouse models for human cancers are obtained by initiating tumors in a normal cell de novo and within the intact organism. The main advantage of these models is the pathophysiological relevance of the tumor initiation.

What is a syngeneic mouse model?

Syngeneic mouse models, also known as Allograft mouse tumor systems, consist of tumor tissues derived from the same genetic background as a given mouse strain. As the syngeneic mice retain intact immune systems, they are particularly relevant for studies of immunotherapies.

What is murine model?

Murine models have been adopted as a significant and powerful tool in the study of cancer. The applications of murine models of cancer are numerous: mechanism discovery, oncogenesis, molecular genetics, microenvironment, metastasis, and therapeutic efficacy.

What does orthotopic mean?

Listen to pronunciation. (OR-thoh-TAH-pik) In medicine, refers to something that occurs in the normal or usual place in the body. It is often used to describe tissue or an organ that is transplanted into its normal place in the body.

What are PDX models?

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are models of cancer where the tissue or cells from a patient’s tumor are implanted into an immunedeficient or humanized mouse. PDX models simulate human tumor biology allowing for natural cancer progression, and offer the most translational research model for evaluating efficacy.

What is autochthonous tumor?

Autochthonous tumors include spontaneously occurring tumors and chemical, viral, or physical carcinogen-induced tumors and are believed to model human tumors more closely than transplanted tumors.

Is Rat a murine?

The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines.

What is orthotopic injection?

Orthotopic injection of breast cancer cells is a powerful model to study all aspects of cancer growth. Implantation of these cells in the mammary fat pad of the mice should be carefully performed in order to prevent variation in tumor growth.

What is murine mouse?

: of or relating to a murid genus (Mus) or its subfamily (Murinae) which includes the common household rats and mice also : of, relating to, or involving these rodents and especially the house mouse.

Does murine describe a mouse?

Of or relating to a rodent of the subfamily Murinae, which includes the house mouse and the brown rat. Caused, transmitted by, or affecting such a rodent. Of or relating to a rodent of the subfamily Murinae, including rats and mice. …

What is an orthotopic model?

Orthotopic models involve the seeding of tumor cell lines into the corresponding tissue in animal models. This strategy allows us to assess tumor development in a relevant environment and evaluate efficacy in a preclinical tumor model that mimics the disease process in humans.

What is the 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer spontaneous metastasis mouse model?

The 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer spontaneous metastasis mouse model is such a transplanted tumor model.8In this model, the breast tumor cells are transplanted into the mammary fat pad to establish primary tumor nodules.

Why are orthotopic tumor mouse models preferred for pancreatic cancer?

Of the two, orthotopic tumor mouse models are preferred because they offer tissue site-specific pathology, allow studies of metastasis, and are generally deemed more clinically relevant. Here we describe the procedures of implanting cancer cell lines to generate orthotopic mouse models for pancreatic cancer.