What is the function of cyclooxygenase 2?
Cyclo-oxygenase 2 (Cox-2) Cox-2 is the inducible form of cyclo-oxygenase and catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Cox-2 is expressed by inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, and can be induced by TNF and EGF.
What is the mechanism of action of COX-2 inhibitors?
COX-2 inhibitors are NSAIDs that selectively block the COX-2 enzyme and not the COX-1 enzyme. Blocking this enzyme impedes the production of prostaglandins by the COX-2 which is more often the cause the pain and swelling of inflammation and other painful conditions.
What is the difference between cyclooxygenase 1 and 2?
COX-1 is found in platelets, GI mucosal cells, and renal tubule cells. COX-2 has been identified in fibroblasts, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, and mesangial cells. COX-2 is induced by exposure to various cytokines, mitogens and endotoxin, and it is up-regulated at inflammation sites.
What is the COX-2 pathway?
The COX-2 pathway is a key mediator of the inflammatory response to tissue damage and other stimuli. Given that our results suggest an important role for COX-2 during the early stages of muscle regeneration, we also examined the inflammatory response after muscle injury in SC-236-treated and COX-2−/− mice.
What is the role of cyclooxygenase?
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, which is the precursor of several molecules, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes.
What is a cyclooxygenase enzyme?
Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes, EC 1.14. 99.1) that is responsible for formation of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from arachidonic acid.
Where can COX-2 be found?
parenchymal cells
COX-1 was found in blood vessels, interstitial cells, smooth muscle cells, platelets and mesothelial cells. In contrast, COX-2 was found predominantly in the parenchymal cells of many tissues, with few exceptions, for example the heart.
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is a major player in inflammation and cancer. It is one of two COXs that convert arachidonic acid to a common intermediate in the production of prostaglandins and thromboxane.
What is the inducible form of cyclo-oxygenase?
Cox-2 is the inducible form of cyclo-oxygenase and catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins.
How do cyclooxygenases convert arachidonic acid to prostaglands?
Cyclooxygenases catalyze the hydroxylation and oxygenation of arachidonic acid that leads to the generation of endoperoxides (or PGH2 ). Subsequent processing by a number of enzymes converts PGH 2 into the biologically active spectrum of prostaglandins.
What is the role of COX-2 enzymes in inflammation?
The two COX isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 are the targets of the widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indicating a role for these enzymes in pain, fever, inflammation, and tumorigenesis.