Is irf7 an ISG?
While IRF-3 is constitutively expressed in many tissues, IRF-7 is an ISG required for the expression of most IFN-α subtypes, and thus a key mediator of the type I IFN amplification loop [2], [9], [10].
What activates IRF3?
IRF3 is a transcription factor that controls multiple IFN-inducing pathways, including the TLR3 pathway, which can be triggered by dsRNA, and the pathways triggered by other RNA and DNA sensors. IRF3 is normally activated by TBK1 and/or IKKε kinases.
What do ISGs do?
Function. ISGs have a wide range of functions used to combat infection at all stages of a pathogen’s lifestyle. For a viral infection, examples include: prohibiting entry of the virus into uninfected cells, stopping viral replication, and preventing the virus from leaving an infected cell.
What does IRF3 produce?
IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription regulator of cellular responses in many cell types that is known to be essential for innate immunity.
What is interferon immunity?
Interferons are proteins that are part of your natural defenses. They tell your immune system that germs or cancer cells are in your body. And they trigger killer immune cells to fight those invaders. Interferons got their name because they “interfere” with viruses and keep them from multiplying.
What is an IRF in immunology?
The Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors that play pivotal roles in many aspects of the immune response, including immune cell development and differentiation and regulating responses to pathogens.
What activates IRF7?
IRF7 is activated by pathogenic nuclei acids through pathways mediated by TLR3, -7 and -9, RIG-I and likely DNA-dependent activator of IRF and IFI16, as well as by TLR2-mediated signaling pathway.
How many ISGs are there?
Depending on cell type, IFN dose, and time of treatment, microarray studies identify 50–1000 ISGs, with 200–500 genes typical of many cell types [9, 10, 11].
What is Isre interferon?
Interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE) is mainly responsible for IFN-alpha-induced upregulation of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta.
What triggers interferon production?
Abstract. Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by a variety of cells in the inflammatory response to infections. Their production is triggered by the immune system in response to pathogens or cytokines.
Are double-deficient irf-3-3(-/-)7-/- mice resistant to s221?
Double-deficient Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice infected with the DENV2 strain S221 possessed 1,000-150,000 fold higher levels of viral RNA than wild-type and single-deficient mice 24 h postinfection (hpi); however, they remained resistant to lethal infection.
Does IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IRF-7 promote innate dengue virus immunity?
The roles of IRF-3 and IRF-7 in innate antiviral immunity against dengue virus We investigated the roles of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IRF-7 in innate antiviral immunity against dengue virus (DENV).
What can you use instead of snapping mouse traps?
Another popular alternative to snapping mouse traps is electric models, such as the Victor Electronic Mouse Trap. This trap uses a high-voltage shock to kill mice in seconds, and it can kill up to 100 rodents per set of four AA batteries. All you have to do is place food in the bait cup and place it in a location where you frequently see mice.
How do you use a high voltage shock mouse trap?
This trap uses a high-voltage shock to kill mice in seconds, and it can kill up to 100 rodents per set of four AA batteries. All you have to do is place food in the bait cup and place it in a location where you frequently see mice.