What is dampened flow?
It is characterized by a “damped” pattern, which means that systolic flow acceleration is slowed, peak systolic velocity is reduced, and diastolic flow is increased [19].
What is the normal hepatic vein waveform?
The normal hepatic vein waveform, despite commonly being described as triphasic, has four components: a retrograde A wave, an antegrade S wave, a transitional V wave (which may be ante-grade, retrograde, or neutral), and an antegrade D wave (13).
What is a normal waveform for a lower extremity artery?
Triphasic high-resistance waveforms are seen in lower limb arteries as in other peripheral arteries (,Fig 9,). Normal flow velocities for adult common femoral, superficial femoral, popliteal, and tibioperoneal arteries are in the range of 100 cm/sec, 80–90 cm/sec, 70 cm/sec, and 40–50 cm/sec, respectively (,6).
What is normal arterial flow in peripheral arteries?
The normal values are 100 cm/sec at the level of the common femoral artery, 80-90 cm/sec at the level of the superficial femoral artery, 70 cm/sec at the level of the popliteal artery, and 50-40 cm/sec at the level of the tibial-peroneal arteries (1).
Is hepatic vein flow pulsatile?
Flow in the hepatic veins is described as pulsatile when both the antegrade and retrograde velocities are increased relative to those observed in physiologic states. This creates a waveform with dramatic fluctuations between abnormally tall retrograde waves and abnormally deep antegrade waves.
What does high-resistance waveform mean?
High-resistance spectral waveforms are characterized by velocities that increase sharply with systole, decrease rapidly with the cessation of ventricular contraction, and show little or no forward flow during diastole (Fig. 39.4A).
What does DVT look like in leg?
If a clot plugs up veins in your arms or legs, they may look bluish or reddish. Your skin also might stay discolored from the damage to blood vessels afterward.
What is the typical vertebral artery waveform on Doppler sonogram?
Doppler sonogram shows normal vertebral artery waveforms that resemble those of internal carotid artery, because vertebral artery also supplies low-resistance vascular bed of brain. Typical vertebral artery waveform is low resistance with continuous forward flow during diastole. Choose Top of page Typical Carotid and Verte…
What are the parameters for color flow and pulsed-wave Doppler?
Parameters for color flow (CF) and pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler are peak systolic velocity (PSV) 129 cm/sec, end diastolic velocity (EDV) 15.4 cm/sec, minimum diastolic velocity (MDV) 8.9 cm/sec, resistivity index (RI) 0.88, and wall filter (WF) 120 Hz in CF and 60 Hz in PW.
What is the Doppler spectrum and what does it show?
You may think of the Doppler spectrum as an image of the Doppler frequencies generated by moving blood. In fact, this image is a graph showing the mixture of Doppler frequencies present in a specified sample of a vessel over a short period of time.
What is the purpose of duplex doppler sonography of the liver?
Identify abnormal spectral Doppler waveforms of the hepatic veins and make a specific diagnosis or differential diagnosis. Duplex Doppler sonography of the liver plays an important role in evaluation of the liver ( 1, 2 ).