Where is IRF3 located?

Where is IRF3 located?

IRF3 is found in an inactive cytoplasmic form that upon serine/threonine phosphorylation forms a complex with CREBBP. The complex translocates into the nucleus for the transcriptional activation of interferons alpha and beta, and further interferon-induced genes.

What does IRF3 do?

IRF3 is a transcription factor that controls multiple IFN-inducing pathways, including the TLR3 pathway, which can be triggered by dsRNA, and the pathways triggered by other RNA and DNA sensors. IRF3 is normally activated by TBK1 and/or IKKε kinases.

Is IRF3 an ISG?

Viral infection activates interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a cofactor for the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs).

What does IRF3 stand for?

IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription regulator of cellular responses in many cell types that is known to be essential for innate immunity.

Is IRF3 a transcription factor?

IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is one of the most well-characterized transcription factors involved in the regulation of innate immune responses.

What are IRF3 and IRF7?

IRF3 and IRF7 are critical transcription factors in the innate immune response. Their activation is controlled by phosphorylation events, leading to the formation of homodimers that are transcriptionally active.

Is IRF7 an ISG?

While IRF-3 is constitutively expressed in many tissues, IRF-7 is an ISG required for the expression of most IFN-α subtypes, and thus a key mediator of the type I IFN amplification loop [2], [9], [10].

What element is Isre?

Interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE) is mainly responsible for IFN-alpha-induced upregulation of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta.

Do IRF1 and IRF3 binding motifs overlap?

In human and mouse one of IRF1 TFBS overlaps with weaker IRF3 binding motif. NFKBIA gene promoter contains a high number of NF-κB family binding sites, which are not adjacent to the sparsely distributed IRF binding sites.

Does IRF5 bind to interferon-stimulated response elements?

IRF3 and IRF7 bind to many interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE)-type sites in the virus-response elements (VREs) of IFN promoters. However, strikingly, IRF5 does not bind the VREs.

What is the binding site of IRF1 in NFKBIA promoter?

In the NFKBIA (IκBα) promoter, we have found binding sites primarily for IRF1: 2 in humans, 2 in cattle, 3 in mouse and one in chimpanzee. In human and mouse one of IRF1 TFBS overlaps with weaker IRF3 binding motif.

How to distinguish between IRF3 and IRF1 promoters?

In the IRF3 gene, we can distinguish 3 variants of promoters in the human and mouse genomes. In humans two of these variants have a single binding site for IRF3 and IRF1, and at the same time have a higher number of NF-κB TFBSs (4 for c-Rel, 1 for NF-κB).