What is a fast life history strategy?
Unpredictable and harsh conditions tend to produce fast life history strategies, characterized by early maturation, a higher number of sexual partners to whom one is less attached, and less parenting of offspring.
What are the main principles of life history theory?
Life history traits include maximum body size, longevity, age at maturity, and fecundity. Life history theory espouses that these traits have been shaped by natural selection to optimize trade-offs related to growth, reproduction, and survival. Thus, organisms that have the same phylogeny share similar traits.
What are the three life history strategies?
Grime (1977) described three life-history strategies:competitive, stress-tolerant or ruderal (i.e., weedy) (Grime 1977; and Table 2 in Grime & Pierce 2012). This classification has the advantage of describing species with life histories that allow them to weather extremely harsh environments.
What are the two types of life history strategies?
Single vs. multiple reproductive events
- Those that can reproduce only once (semelparity)
- Those that can reproduce multiple times over their lifetime (iteroparity)
Do K strategists live longer?
K strategists are larger in size and have longer lifespans. They have a low mortality rate, and the rate of being harmed is reduced. Organisms such as the humans and the elephants belong to this category.
What is a slow life history?
Slow life histories describe those species that have slower growth, lower reproductive output, long gestation times, later ages at maturity, higher longevities (and thus longer generation times), larger body sizes, and lower population growth rates.
What type of life history strategy do humans have?
Bottom: Organisms that reproduce more than once in their life are called iteroparous, a common life history strategy for example among birds, mammals including humans, insects, and many other species.
What are three variables that affect life history?
The three variables that form the life history of a species are: when reproduction (the age at first reproduction or at maturity), how often the organism reproduces, and how many offspring are produced during each reproductive episode.
What is a successful life history strategy?
Winning (or Successful) A life strategy that produces populations that survive over time, where adults produce enough offspring to replace themselves and those offspring survive to produce their own offspring, and so on.
What are the characteristics of a rapid life history pattern?
PATTERNS OF POPULATION GROWTH Rapid life history pattern organisms in an unpredictable environment. Mosquito: small body size, mature quickly, reproduce early, short life span. Population fluctuate rapidly depending upon conditions.
What is the key ideas of life history strategies?
Life-history strategies are based on the characteristics of organisms that affect their fitness. Two environmental factors important in determining the life-history strategy of organisms, including sea urchins, are stress, conditions that reduce production and disturbance, partial or total destruction of biomass.
Can humans be r selected?
These species are characterized by having only a few offspring but investing high amounts of parental care. Elephants, humans, and bison are all k-selected species. R-selected species can include mosquitos, mice, and bacteria.
What is lifelife history strategy?
Life history strategy reflects which of these two strategies individuals tend to adopt. Both somatic efforts and reproductive efforts confer key benefits. Somatic efforts, such as learning, enable individuals to generate better offspring in the future.
Do fast life history strategies predict altruism?
Bogaert and Rushton (1989) showed that measures of fast life history strategies, such as sexual permissiveness, are positively associated with family size but negatively associated with altruism.
What is the theory of life history?
Life-history theory attempts to explain intra- and interspecific variation in the survival, growth, and reproductive traits of organisms. Because these variables affect both individual fitness and population dynamics, life-history patterns naturally fall at the intersection of evolution and ecology.
What is the major tradeoff in life history strategies?
One major tradeoff in life history strategies is between number of offspring and a parent’s investment in the individual offspring.