Why is cytochrome c oxidase used in DNA barcoding?
Use in DNA barcoding MT-CO1 is a gene that is often used as a DNA barcode to identify animal species. The MT-CO1 gene sequence is suitable for this role because its mutation rate is often fast enough to distinguish closely related species and also because its sequence is conserved among conspecifics.
What is COI barcoding?
Abstract. DNA barcoding is an approach to rapidly identify species using short, standard genetic markers. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) has been proposed as the universal barcode locus, but its utility for barcoding in mushrooms (ca. 20,000 species) has not been established.
Why was the COI gene selected as the barcode gene?
A gene from mitochondria, called cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), was selected by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) as the ideal gene for DNA barcoding animal species.
What is use of cytochrome oxidase 1 in species identification?
In 2003, a standardized 658 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene (cox1 or COI) was proposed as a universal marker for species identification – to be used as a “DNA barcode” tagging any taxon in the animal kingdom1.
Why is COI used?
A region of the mitochondrial gene COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) is used for barcoding animals. COI is involved in the electron transport phase of respiration. Thus, many genes used for barcoding are involved in the key reactions of life: storing energy in carbohydrates and releasing it to form ATP.
What is the most promising DNA barcode for plants?
In plants, however, mitochondrial genes are not appropriate for DNA barcoding because they exhibit low mutation rates. A few candidate genes have been found in the chloroplast genome, the most promising being maturase K gene (matK) by itself or in association with other genes.
What problems can DNA barcoding solve?
Among many other things, barcoding could help remove illegal fish and timber from global markets, slow the spread of invasive pests, reduce bird-plane collisions, and uncover the hideouts of medically-important mosquito species.
Why should we use cytochrome c oxidase to identify species?
In metabarcoding of animals, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is frequently used as the marker of choice because no other genetic region can be found in taxonomically verified databases with sequences covering so many taxa.
What is mitochondrial COI?
The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene is one of the most popular markers used for molecular systematics. Fragments of this gene are often used to infer phylogenies, particularly the region near the 5′-end, which is used by the DNA Barcoding Consortium.
Who invented DNA barcoding?
Paul Hebert
DNA barcoding, or sequence-based specimen identification, was developed by Paul Hebert in 2003 to identify a broad range of taxa by sequencing a standardized short DNA fragment, the “DNA barcode” [1,2].
What is CO1 barcoding and how is it used?
The methodology targets a semiconserved region of the mitochondrial CO1 gene for species-level identity testing of animal (mammalian and insect) cells. CO1 barcoding is intended as an alternative to the isoenzyme analysis assay, for which reagents are no longer commercially available.
How to confirm a gene as a barcode marker?
To confirm a gene as a barcode marker, it is essential to calculate the “barcoding gap”, that is, the gap between the maximum intraspecific and minimum interspecific genetic distances that establish the limits between species [ 16 ].
Is there a cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergent?
Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species With millions of species and their life-stage transformations, the animal kingdom provides a challenging target for taxonomy.
Can DNA barcoding be used for animal cell identity testing?
DNA barcoding has been used within the zoological community for years and has now been proposed for animal cell identity testing 13. It is useful since the target (mitochondrial CO1 gene) varies sufficiently between species in order to allow discrimination. Mitochondrial genes are considered preferable over nuclear genes for DNA barcoding.