What is IKK in NFKB pathway?
The IKK kinase complex is the core element of the NF-κB cascade. It is essentially made of two kinases (IKKα and IKKβ) and a regulatory subunit, NEMO/IKKγ. Additional components may exist, transiently or permanently, but their characterization is still unsure.
What happens when NF kB pathway is activated?
A common signaling event of the PRRs is activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway, which is responsible for transcriptional induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and additional inflammatory mediators in different types of innate immune cells (Figure 1).
How is IKK activated?
Activation of IKK depends on phosphorylation of its IKKβ subunit (Delhase et al., 1999). The first evidence of a role for phosphorylation in IKK activation was obtained by treatment of purified, activated IKK complex with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which resulted in IKK inactivation (DiDonato et al., 1997).
What are IKK complex?
The IκB kinase (IkappaB kinase or IKK) is an enzyme complex that is involved in propagating the cellular response to inflammation. The IκB kinase enzyme complex is part of the upstream NF-κB signal transduction cascade. Specifically, IKK phosphorylates the inhibitory IκBα protein.
What IKK means?
IKK
| Acronym | Definition |
|---|---|
| IKK | Informationszentrum Kindesmisshandlung / Kindesvernachlässigung (German site for child abuse information) |
| IKK | Indeks Kepercayaan Konsumen (Indonesian: consumer confidence index) |
| IKK | Idaho Kendo Kai (martial arts) |
| IKK | I Know Karate |
What genes does NF KB regulate?
NF-κB induces the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, including those encoding cytokines and chemokines, and also participates in inflammasome regulation. In addition, NF-κB plays a critical role in regulating the survival, activation and differentiation of innate immune cells and inflammatory T cells.
How does IΚB phosphorylation lead to NF-κB activation and transcription?
Phosphorylation of serine residues in the signal responsive region (SRR) of classical IκBs by IKKβ leads to IκB ubiquitination and subsequent proteosomal degradation. This results in release of the NF-κB dimer, which can then translocate to the nucleus and induce transcription of target genes.
What is IkB protein?
IκBα (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha) is one member of a family of cellular proteins that function to inhibit the NF-κB transcription factor.
What genes does NF-kB regulate?
What is the pathway of the NF-κB protein?
The NF-κB canonical pathway. Figure 1. The canonical pathway. Ligand binding to a receptor leads to the recruitment and activation of an IKK complex comprising IKK alpha and/or IKK beta catalytic subunits and two molecules of NEMO. The IKK complex then phosphorylates IκB leading to degradation by the proteasome.
Is the IKK/NF-κB pathway involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases?
Many inflammatory pathways that contribute to the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are regulated by IKK- NF-κB signaling. Several studies during the past two decades have highlighted the key role of the IKK/NF-κB pathway in the induction and maintenance of the state of inflammation that underlies metabolic diseases.
What is the function of NF-κB and IκB?
Present at the end of both pathways are the proteins NF-κB, IκB, and the IκB kinase (IKK). These proteins work together to deliver the myriad outcomes that influence context-dependent transcriptional control in immune cells.
What is the non-canonical pathway for NF-kB activation?
Figure 2: The non-canonical pathway. Non-canonical NF-kB activation involves phosphorylation and processing of the p52 precursor, p100 into the mature protein, and subsequent nuclear translocation of the RelB:p52 heterodimer to the nucleus to activate target genes. This pathway involves an IKK complex that contains two IKKα subunits, but not NEMO.