What is Apotransferrin?
The iron-free protein apotransferrin is a single-chain glycoprotein (mol wt 79 570) with two nonidentical iron-binding sites that have a high affinity for ferric iron under physiological conditions (effective stability constant, 1024 mol l−1). The fall in pH results in release of iron from the transferrin.
How does a cell capture Apotransferrin?
Unlike most other protein ligands taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis, apotransferrin, retains a high affinity for its receptor at acidic pH values, and is recycled back to the plasma membrane, where it dissociates from its receptor and goes off into the circulation in search of further iron.
What is Holotransferrin?
Alternate Names: holo-Transferrin is also known as HTF. Application: holo-Transferrin is an iron-transport protein sourced from plasma, found negative for antibodies to many common human blood viruses. CAS Number: 11096-37-0. Purity: ≥95% Molecular Weight: 76-81 kDa.
Why is insulin used in cell culture?
Insulin stimulates the growth and proliferation of a variety of somatic cells in culture, and evidence suggests that insulin is also an important regulator of growth in vivo.
Where is Apotransferrin found?
Plasma apotransferrin is synthesized predominantly in the liver. It exists in the plasma in the iron-free form or as monoferric or diferric transferrin since iron loading at each binding site is a random process.
What happens if transferrin is high?
The normal range for transferrin is 204 to 360 mg/dl. If you have a higher amount, you may have iron-deficiency anemia. If you have a lower level, you may have another problem, such as liver disease and hemolytic anemia.
How is low transferrin treated?
If your transferrin is low due to iron overload: Avoid foods that are high in iron, such as red meat, fish, and poultry [43]. Eat more foods that reduce iron absorption such as fiber and phytic acid (from whole grains) and chili [44, 45, 46].
What is the state of iron in transferrin?
Human transferrin is encoded by the TF gene and produced as a 76 kDa glycoprotein. Transferrin glycoproteins bind iron tightly, but reversibly. Although iron bound to transferrin is less than 0.1% (4 mg) of total body iron, it forms the most vital iron pool with the highest rate of turnover (25 mg/24 h).
How do you reconstitute transferrin?
Reconstitute at 20 mg/mL in sterile, deionized water. The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
How does insulin dissolve in cell culture?
Insulin has to be diluted at low pH for a better solubility. We dissolve Insulin at 1 or 2mg/mL in HCl 5mM (ie pH 2.3) but the final concentration in the culture medium is around 10µg/mL. Consequently, after a dilution factor of 100 or 200, no problem is observed for cells.
How much insulin is needed for cell culture?
Insulin stimulates proliferation via the insulin receptor and receptor expression and activation can vary in different cell lines. To ensure optimal growth of your cells I would recommend to add ca 10ug/ml insulin to the culture medium.
What is the function of apo-transferrin human?
Apo-Transferrin human can be supplemented with iron or used to bind free iron present in media. It is also used to transport iron into mammalian cells. Transferrin is the primary iron binding and cell delivery molecule present in serum. Serum-free cell culture systems require a delivery format for iron.
What is the role of transferrin and iron chelate in cell culture?
For a more complete discussion of transferrin and iron chelators as a cell culture components go to our Media Expert. Transferrins facilitate extracellular iron storage, and transport. Transferrins are important extracellular antioxidants.
What is the difference between apo transferrin and iron free?
The apo-transferrin (iron free) is recycled back to the exterior of the cell and released. Each transferrin receptor cycle can deliver up to four atoms of iron. The loading of ferric iron into transferrin can be relatively slow, taking minutes to complete.
What is transferrin in biotechnology?
Transferrin is the physiologically appropriate method for providing iron to cells in culture. The delivery of iron using transferrin has historically been part of an iron management program in biomanufacturing systems for production of therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies.