How are vertebral bodies connected?

How are vertebral bodies connected?

The articulating surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies attach to each other by fibrocartilaginous discs called intervertebral discs or IV discs for short, in addition to numerous ligaments. The intervertebral discs function as shock absorbers between adjacent vertebrae.

What is the vertebrae of fish?

Vertebrae in jawed fish include the neural arch and spine, the centrum, and the hemal arch and hemal spine in the caudal region, which protect the caudal artery and vein (Figure 2) [5]. The centrum can be either fused or be composed of a variable number of bones, such as intercentra and pleurocentra.

Where does the spine connected to the head?

The occipital bone is the only bone in your head that connects with your cervical spine (neck). The occipital bone surrounds a large opening known as the foramen magnum. The foramen magnum allows key nerves and vascular structures passage between the brain and spine.

What is the connection between the vertebrae bodies and arches the type of connection?

Adjacent vertebral arches are connected by synovial joints called zygapophysial (facet) joints. They are formed between superior and inferior articular facets. These joints facilitate flexion and extension in the cervical and thoracic spines.

How are vertebral arches connected?

The vertebral arch is formed by pedicles and laminae. Two pedicles extend from the sides of the vertebral body to join the body to the arch. The pedicles are short thick processes that extend, one from each side, posteriorly, from the junctions of the posteriolateral surfaces of the centrum, on its upper surface.

What causes fish vertebrae?

Biconcave appearance of vertebrae in a patient with severe osteoporosis due to primary hyperparathyroid disease. This sign is referred to as fish vertebrae (or codfish vertebrae).

What is the shape of fish?

Bony fishes show great variety in body shape, but the “typical” fish body shape is roughly cylindrical and tapering at both ends. This characteristic fusiform shape is quite energy efficient for swimming. Other fishes have a more streamlined shape.

What connects the brain and the spinal cord?

At the base of the brain, the brain stem connects to the spinal cord and is made up of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

What are vertebral bodies?

The vertebral body is the main portion of the vertebra. It bears about 80 percent of the load while standing and provides an attachment for the discs between the vertebrae. The front or anterior section of the vertebral body protects the spinal cord and nerve roots.

Which ligaments connect the bodies of the vertebrae together quizlet?

Ligaments related to Vertebral Bodies– intervertebral discs (IVD), anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL). Ligaments related to Vertebral Arch– Ligamentum Flavum (yellow ligament, Flaval ligament).