What is ureteral distention?
Hydronephrosis is defined as distention of the renal calyces and pelvis with urine as a result of obstruction of the outflow of urine distal to the renal pelvis. Analogously, hydroureter is defined as a dilation of the ureter. The presence of hydronephrosis or hydroureter can be physiologic or pathologic.
Is ureter covered by peritoneum?
The anteromedial surface of the ureter is covered by peritoneum, and the ductus deferens runs anteriorly. In females, the ureter runs posterior to the ovary and then deep to the broad ligament and through the cardinal ligament. The uterine artery crosses anteriorly in the rectouterine fold of peritoneum.
Can you have hydronephrosis without obstruction?
Hydronephrosis (kidney swelling) occurs as the result of a disease. It is not a disease itself. Conditions that may lead to hydronephrosis include: Blockage of a ureter due to scarring caused by prior infections, surgeries, or radiation treatments.
What is ureteral tortuosity?
Primary tortuous ureters are usually caused by dysplasia of the ureteral muscle. These ureters are classified as an individual pathological type. Their treat- ment is different from other pathological types of the ureters. The obstruction or stricture causes gradual de- velopment of hydronephrosis.
What causes dilation of ureter?
Based on the laboratory investigations and sonography, the cause of ureteral dilatation was identified in 9 out of 18 (50%) cases. Ureteral dilatation was attributed to urinary tract infection in 6 cases (pus cells on urine microscopy: 3 cases; positive urine culture: 3 cases) and urinary tract tuberculosis in 3 cases.
What does an enlarged ureter mean?
A megaureter (“large ureter”) is when a ureter is wider than three-eighths of an inch. This can result from an abnormality of the ureter itself (primary) or from the bladder being blocked (secondary).
Where is the ureter constricted?
Points of constriction in the course of the ureter occur in some species at the uretero-pelvic junction, where the ureter crosses over the pelvic brim, and at the entrance of the ureter into the bladder wall. These sites of narrowing are the most common for obstruction to normal urine flow by urinary calculi.
Is the bladder intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
The structures within the intraperitoneal space are called “intraperitoneal” (e.g., the stomach and intestines), the structures in the abdominal cavity that are located behind the intraperitoneal space are called “retroperitoneal” (e.g., the kidneys), and those structures below the intraperitoneal space are called ” …
What causes ureteral strictures?
A ureteral stricture frequently results from a buildup of scar tissue or inflammation around the ureter, often due to an external traumatic injury or as a complication of a previous surgery, such as a procedure to manage kidney stones or surgeries that affect the area surrounding the ureters, including gynecologic or …
What does it mean when your ureter is dilated?
Greatly dilated ureter (arrow) of probable familial origin from a male mouse. Dilation of the ureter (synonym: hydroureter) is most commonly associated with cases of obstruction. Often it can be seen grossly with dilation of the urinary bladder and renal pelvis.
What is ureter dilation in rats?
Dilation of the ureter (synonym: hydroureter) is most commonly associated with cases of obstruction. Often it can be seen grossly with dilation of the urinary bladder and renal pelvis. It can be either unilateral or bilateral ( Figure 1 ). In rats, congenital cases are more prevalent on the right side.
What is the ureter in the body?
Ureter. The ureter is a paired fibromuscular tube that conveys urine from the kidneys in the abdomen to the bladder in the pelvis .
What are the 3 constrictions of the ureter?
Constrictions. The ureter has a diameter of 3 mm 1 but there are three constrictions, which are the most common sites of renal calculus obstruction: at the pelviureteric junction (PUJ) of the renal pelvis and the ureter; as the ureter enters the pelvis and crosses over the common iliac artery bifurcation