What is quantum key distribution protocol?

What is quantum key distribution protocol?

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method which implements a cryptographic protocol involving components of quantum mechanics. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages.

How does the BB84 protocol work?

BB84 protocol, proposed in 1984 by Bennett and Brassard – that’s where the name comes from. The idea is to encode every bit of the secret key into the polarization state of a single photon. Alice encodes zeroes into H-polarized photons while unities she encodes into V-polarized photons (red arrows in Fig. 1).

What is BB84 quantum cryptography?

BB84 is a quantum key distribution scheme developed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. It is the first quantum cryptography protocol. It is usually explained as a method of securely communicating a private key from one party to another for use in one-time pad encryption.

What is quantum cryptography How does it work?

Quantum cryptography, or quantum key distribution (QKD), uses a series of photons (light particles) to transmit data from one location to another over a fiber optic cable. The photons travel to a receiver, which uses two beam splitters (horizontal/vertical and diagonal) to “read” the polarization of each photon.

Why is quantum key distribution secure?

The security of QKD stems from the ability to detect any intrusion on the QKD transmission. Because of the unique and fragile properties of photons, any third party (or eavesdropper) who tries to read or copy the photons in any way will change the photons’ state.

Where is quantum cryptography used?

Also, quantum cryptography has useful applications for governments and militaries as, historically, governments have kept military data secret for periods of over 60 years. There also has been proof that quantum key distribution can travel through a noisy channel over a long distance and be secure.

Why is BB84 secure?

Alice sends each bit of the secret key in one of a set of conjugate bases which Eve does not know, and this key is protected by the impossibility of measur- ing the state of a quantum system simultaneously in two conjugate bases.

What is the difference between the BB84 and the B92 quantum key distribution algorithms?

The key difference in B92 is that only two states are necessary rather than the possible 4 polarization states in BB84.

What is the difference between the BB84 and the B92 Quantum key distribution algorithms?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using quantum cryptography?

➨It revolutionizes secure communication by providing security based on fundamental laws of physics instead of mathematical algorithms or computing technologies used today. ➨It is virtually unhackable. ➨It is simple to use. ➨Less resources are needed in order to maintain it.

What is the difference between quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution?

Quantum cryptography is a technology that uses quantum physics to secure the distribution of symmetric encryption keys. A more accurate name for it is quantum key distribution (QKD). It works by sending photons, which are “quantum particles” of light, across an optical link.

What is SARG04 and how does it work?

Researchers built SARG04 when they noticed that by using the four states of BB84 with a different information encoding they could develop a new protocol which would be more robust, especially against the photon-number-splitting attack, when attenuated laser pulses are used instead of single- photon sources.

Is SARG04 vulnerable to a single photon attack?

Unfortunately an incoherent attack has been identified which performs better than a simple phase-covariant cloning machine, and SARG04 has been found to be particularly vulnerable in single-photon implementations when Q >= 14.9%.

What is the modus operandi of SARG04?

The modus operandi of SARG04 is based on the principle that the hardware must remain the same (as prior protocols) and the only change must be in the protocol itself. In the original “prepare and measure” version, SARG04’s two conjugated bases are chosen with equal probability.

What are the applications of quantum cryptography?

With quantum computers of future being expected to solve discrete logarithmic problem and the popularly know cryptography methods such as AES, RSA, DES, quantum cryptography becomes the foreseen solution. In practice it is used to establish a shared, secret and random sequence of bits to communicate between two system let’s say Alice and Bob.