What is organ system toxicity?
Target organ toxins are chemicals that can cause adverse effects or disease states manifested in specific organs of the body. Toxins do not affect all organs in the body to the same extent due to their different cell structures.
What causes organ toxicity?
The use, particularly when repeated, of many drugs can lead to an accumulation of a drug, or harmful byproducts from the metabolism of a drug, in tissues or organs. This accumulation of toxic chemicals can lead to organ damage, and in extreme cases, even organ failure and death.
What does specific target organ toxicity mean?
single exposure
Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) (STOT-SE) means specific non-lethal effects. on organs or organ systems in the body following single exposure to a chemical.
Why is the liver a target organ for toxicity?
Because of its fundamental anatomy, high metabolic potential, and ability to clear xenobiotics from the blood, the liver represents an organ with a high susceptibility to the toxic effects of chemical–chemical interactions.
What are the different specific organ toxicity effects?
These include: acute toxicity, skin corrosion/irritation, serious eye damage/ eye irritation, respiratory or skin sensitization, germ cell mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and aspiration hazard.
What are the two types of toxicity?
The two types of toxicity are acute and chronic. Acute toxicity of a pesticide refers to the chemical’s ability to cause injury to a person or animal from a single exposure, generally of short duration. The four routes of exposure are dermal (skin), inhalation (lungs), oral (mouth), and eyes.
What chemicals that affect certain body organs?
Which Organ Systems Are Affected By Toxic Exposure(s)?
| Organ/ System | Exposure Examples |
|---|---|
| respiratory | asbestos, radon, cigarette smoke, glues |
| skin | dioxin, nickel, arsenic, mercury, cement (chromium), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), glues, rubber cement |
| liver | carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, vinyl chloride |
How does toxicity affect the liver?
The symptoms of toxic hepatitis often go away when exposure to the toxin stops. But toxic hepatitis can permanently damage your liver, leading to irreversible scarring of liver tissue (cirrhosis) and in some cases to liver failure, which can be life-threatening.
Is the liver a target tissue?
The liver is a major GH target tissue and the principal source of circulating IGF-I. The GH-dependent transcription of IGF-I is regulated by STAT5 binding sites in the IGF-I gene [51]. Thus, both IGF-I and its transcriptional regulator STAT5 have key roles in mediating the actions of GH in body growth [28,51].
What is a target organ effect?
Indicates which bodily organs are most likely to be affected by exposure to a substance.