Is Ammonal a high explosive?
Ammonal is an explosive made up of ammonium nitrate and aluminium powder, not to be confused with T-ammonal which contains trinitrotoluene as well to increase properties such as brisance. The mixture is often referred to as Tannerite, which is a brand of ammonal….
| Ammonal | |
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| Wars | World War I |
What are the products of an explosion?
Volume of products of explosion The most widely used explosives are condensed liquids or solids converted to gaseous products by explosive chemical reactions and the energy released by those reactions. The gaseous products of complete reaction are typically carbon dioxide, steam, and nitrogen.
What is a detonation reaction?
Detonation is defined as combustion in which a supersonic shock wave is propagated through a fluid due to an energy release in a reaction zone.
Is Ammonal cap sensitive?
Ammonal. Ammonium nitrate explosive mixtures (cap sensitive). *Ammonium nitrate explosive mixtures (non-cap sensitive).
Why is aluminum powder explosive?
The small particle size dust component in the dust cloud will quickly release flammable volatiles after being heated. These volatiles are mixed with air to form an explosive premixed gas.
What are primary explosives?
Primary explosives are very sensitive materials that can be easily ignited by small stimuli of heat, impact, friction, and electrostatic. Primary explosives are usually in milligram quantities that are part of an energetic train that is required to set off large quantity of secondary explosives.
What is detonation explain in detail?
Detonation (from Latin detonare ‘to thunder down/forth’) is a type of combustion involving a supersonic exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it.
What causes detonation?
Detonation is generally caused by excessive heat, excessive cylinder pressure, improper ignition timing, inadequate fuel octane or a combination of these. Of the previous, excessive heat is usually the culprit. As an engine is modified to generate more power, additional heat is produced.
How explosive is urea nitrate?
It has a destructive power similar to better-known ammonium nitrate explosives, with a velocity of detonation between 11,155 ft/s (3,400 m/s) and 15,420 ft/s (4,700 m/s). Urea nitrate is produced in one step by reaction of urea with nitric acid.
Which acid is used mainly in the manufacture of explosives?
The most important industrial use of nitric acid is the preparation of the salt ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, which is used in the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives.
What chemicals increase detonation speed?
Ammonium nitrate absorbs water and becomes over a period of time, a hard solid rather than a powder. The velocity of detonation increase with density so the power of the explosion is greater in a solid compared to a powder.”
Is ammonium nitrate detonable with aluminum powder?
While ammonium nitrate is itself detonable, its sensitivity and performance, when combined with aluminum powder, are substantially increased. In the present work, the results of a series of cylinder tests to characterize the performance of this explosive are reported.
Does particle size affect the detonation rate of aluminum and ammonium nitrate?
Maranda4reported results of a study to investigate the influence of particle size of the aluminum and ammonium nitrate as well as ox- ide content of the aluminum on the detonation per- formance of ammonal.
What is the detonation velocity of a cylinder?
Cylinder tests have been reported by Buczkowski and Zygmunt11, as well as Souers et al.12. Results showed detonation velocities ranging from 2.6 to 3.7 mm/\.
What is the speed of detdetonation of AN2?
Detonation velocities of 1.1 mm/\ at the critical diameter, and up to 2.8 mm/\ for 46 cm charges, have been reported for AN packed in manila paper tubes to a density of 1 g/cc1. The addition of other explosives such as TNT, or fuels such as aluminum or organic materials can increase the sensitivity of AN2.