What is meant by kingpin inclination?
On current suspension systems, the kingpin is set at an angle to the vertical plane when viewed from the front or rear of the vehicle. This angle is known as the king pin inclination. The purpose of the KPI is to produce vertical displacement of the vehicle in during steering in an upward direction.
What does kingpin inclination affect?
The kingpin angle has an important effect on steering, making it tend to return to the straight ahead or centre position because the straight ahead position is where the suspended body of the vehicle is at its lowest point.
How is kingpin inclination measured?
Kingpin angle is measured in Degrees and is positive when the top of the steering axis points towards the centre of the car. Scrub radius is the distance from the steer axis to the centre of the tyre contact patch at ground level and wheel centre offset is the distance from the kingpin axis to the wheel centre.
What is caster angle and kingpin inclination?
a. Caster is the angle of the steering axis from the vertical as viewed from the side and is shown in Fig. King Pin axis inclination (a.k.a. Steering Axis Inclination) is the angle from the vertical defined by the centerline passing through the upper and lower ball joints.
What is KPI and camber?
Static camber is a measure of the inclination of a tyre to the vertical in front view. A tyre has positive camber when the top of the tyre leans away from the centre line of the vehicle. Tyre camber angle to the road surface is one of the key variables which influences tyre performance.
What does vehicle inclination mean?
Steering axis inclination is the inward tilt of the suspension toward the center of the vehicle. The SAI angle is an imaginary line drawn through the upper strut and the lower ball joint and another true vertical line that runs through the center of the tire.
What is the value of kingpin inclination angle?
Example
| Specified Values | Observed Values | |
|---|---|---|
| Wheel camber | +2 deg | +1 deg (less than spec,) |
| Kingpin inclination | 6 deg | 7 deg (more than spec,) |
| Included angle | ( +2 deg 6 deg ) = 8 deg | 8 deg = constant |
What is steering wheel inclination?
The steering axis inclination, θ, is defined as the angle measured in the front elevation between the steering axis (sometimes referred to as the ‘kingpin’ axis from the days when a physical pin was used within a beam axle assembly) and the vertical.
What does steering axis inclination do?
Steering axis inclination (SAI) causes both front wheels to gain positive camber as they steer away from center. This acts with caster to provide self-centering of the front wheels. This gives the car straight line stability.
What is Wheeltoe?
Toe is a measurement that determines how much the front and/or rear wheels are turned in or out from a straight-ahead position. The amount of toe, whether it’s toe-in or toe-out, is expressed as the difference between the track widths as they are measured at the leading and trailing edges of the tires.
What is the toe-in alignment?
‘Toe’ is the term given to the left-right alignment of the front wheels relative to each other. Toe-in is where the front e dge of the wheels are closer together than the rear, and toe-out is the opposite. To ensure they end up straight ahead, they should sit with a slight toe-out when at rest.
What is king pin inclination?
This angle is known as the king pin inclination. The purpose of the KPI is to produce vertical displacement of the vehicle in during steering in an upward direction.
What is Sai (kingpin inclination)?
SAI is also known as kingpin inclination (KPI) and is the imaginary line drawn through the kingpin as viewed from the front.
What is the angle between the Kingpin and the wheel axis?
The angle between the kingpin axis and the wheel axis is equal to the algebraic sum of the kingpin inclination angle and the wheel camber angle and is defined as the included angle,
What is steering axis inclination (SAI)?
Steering axis inclination (SAI) is the inward tilt of the steering axis. SAI is also known as kingpin inclination (KPI) and is the imaginary line drawn through the kingpin as viewed from the front.