How long does it take to get exogenous ochronosis?

Exogenous ochronosis from topical hydroquinone occurs most frequently in individuals with skin phototypes IV-VI, but individuals with lighter skin phototypes may be affected as well. Onset has been reported as soon as 6 months of use.

Is exogenous ochronosis permanent?

Exogenous ochronosis-like pigmentation, may occur after the topical application of hydroquinone, is limited to sites of application. The hyperpigmentation may fade slightly after discontinuing the agent, but the discoloration is usually permanent.

How do you treat exogenous ochronosis?

Exogenous ochronosis has been largely refractory to topical agents, whereas clinical improvement has been reported after treatment with physical modalities such as dermabrasion, CO 2, and Q-switched 755-nm alexandrite laser irradiation. However, the condition remains difficult to treat.

Can exogenous ochronosis be treated?

Conclusion: The QS alexandrite laser can effectively treat exogenous ochronosis without untoward side effects.

How does ochronosis start?

Ochronosis occurs because of deposition of phenols (such as homogentisic acid and hydroquinone) as plaques in the matrix of cartilage. The pigments can also be incorporated into collagen and elastin fibers. In the skin, the pigment alters the structure of the fibers, causing enlargement and curling.

How do you know if you have ochronosis?

This disease entity may be first noticed in newborns as their urine may be darker than normal. People are often without symptoms until later in life when the skin, sclera (white part of the eye), ears, and nose may develop pigmentary changes. Ear wax of a person with ochronosis will also be dark in color.

What is the cause of exogenous ochronosis?

Exogenous ochronosis is the brown-black skin discoloration that occurs as a result of dermal accumulation of homogentisic acid. The most common cause of exogenous ochronosis is application of topical hydroquinone as part of the formulation in a variety of skin bleaching creams.

How is ochronosis characterized histologically?

It is characterized histologically by banana-shaped ochre-colored deposits in the dermis. It can present in exogenous or endogenous form. We report a case of exogenous ochronosis in a 50-year-old Indian woman after prolonged use of topical hydroquinone which is a rare complication with a commonly used drug which is available over the counter.

What is ochre-colored ochronosis?

Ochronosis is a rare disease characterized histologically by banana-shaped ochre-colored deposits in the dermis.[1] Ochronosis can present itself in either exogenous or endogenous form.