What is a Type 3 hernia?

What is a Type 3 hernia?

Type III hiatal hernias are combined hernias in which the gastroesophageal junction is herniated above the diaphragm and the stomach is herniated alongside the esophagus. The majority of paraesophageal hernias are type III.

What is a large paraesophageal hernia?

Large paraesophageal hernias in which the stomach, bowel, or other organs are trapped in the chest may lead to problems with the blood supply to these organs, causing symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, vomiting, lack of bowel movements, and severe abdominal pain.

What are the different types of hiatal hernia?

There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal (next to the esophagus). In a sliding hiatal hernia, the stomach and the section of the esophagus that joins the stomach slide up into the chest through the hiatus.

Is a 4 cm hiatal hernia large?

Hiatal hernias were classified as small if their size ranged from 2 to 4 cm and large if > or = 5 cm.

What is a para-esophageal hernia?

Para-esophageal hernia is a severe form of hiatal hernia that occurs in only 5% of cases. In this case we see a compound hiatal hernia, which is a combination of sliding hiatus hernia and a rolling (para-esophageal) hiatus hernia. Organo-axial gastric volvulus is the more common gastric volvulus with the stomach rotated along its long axis.

What is organoaxial gastric volvulus?

(Left) Graphic illustrates an organoaxial gastric volvulus, in which the stomach twists along its long axis, resulting in the greater curvature (GC) lying above the lesser curvature (LC). (Right) Film from an upper GI series in a 73-year-old woman shows a type IV paraesophageal hernia (PEH) with organoaxial volvulus but little or no obstruction.

What is the clinical presentation of gastric volvulus with Borchardt’s triad?

Acute gastric volvulus may present clinically with Borchardt’s triad. In the chronic presentation it can be asymptomatic and diagnosis is usually incidental. It may also present with upper abdominal discomfort, pain during feeding or postprandial pain, early satiety and vomiting.