What is HC smoke?
Smoke grenades, called hexachloroethane (HCE) smoke or HC smoke, utilize a mixture containing roughly equal parts of HCE and zinc oxide and approximately 6% granular aluminium. These smokes are toxic, which is attributed to the production of zinc chloride (ZnCl2).
Is the smoke from a smoke grenade toxic?
You can be in the smoke, but with any smoke it can cause breathing difficulties, especially if people are asthmatic. The coloured smoke produced is not known to be toxic, so it is not poisonous and you can be in and around the smoke, but where possible avoid breathing the smoke.
Do hand grenades smoke?
These grenades are produced to smoke and come in a variety of bright colours including red, yellow, purple, green and blue. They are used by troops to mark their location so they can be easily identified by other friendly forces.
How long does artillery smoke last?
The objective of an immediate smoke mission is to obscure the enemy’s vision immediately. Use an immediate smoke mission to obscure a point of 150 meters or less within 30 seconds for 1½ to 5 minutes.
What is HC smoke grenade?
The AN-M8 HC Smoke Grenade designated as the Army/Navy Model 8 HC Smoke Grenade (AN-M8 Smoke HC) is a US military grenade used as a ground-to-ground obscuring or screening device or a ground-to-air signaling or target-marking device.
What is the build time for Shell hexachloroethane smoke?
Combustion Products
| Smoke-Pot Munitionsa | Container Size (in.) | Burning Time (min) |
|---|---|---|
| Smoke pot, HCE, 10-lb, M1 | 9 by 5.5 diameter | 5-8 |
| Smoke pot, HCE, 30-lb, ABC-M5 | 9.5 by 8.5 diameter | 2-22 |
| Smoke pot, floating, HCE, M4A2 | 13 by 12 diameter | 10-15 |
| Smoke grenade, HCE, M8 | 4.75 by 2.5 diameter | 1.7-2.5 |
Does the military use smoke grenades?
The military uses colored smokes, disseminated via the M18 grenade or the M713, M715, or M716 40-millimeter (mm) cartridge, for signaling and marking and, in some cases, for training to simulate exposure to chemical-warfare agents (Rubin and Buchanan 1983).
Can you hold a smoke grenade?
While it is unlikely that a smoke bomb will explode, it can happen. Burns: unless you’re using a cool burning smoke bomb, they will get hot. It is advised not to hold them and one understands they do so at their own risk. If you choose to hold them, place your hand as low to the base as possible.
What is an offensive grenade?
The MK3 offensive hand grenade is a cylindrical concussion grenade designed to produce casualties during close combat while minimizing danger to friendly personnel exposed in the open owing to minimal fragmentation. There is a secondary fragmentation hazard though from rocks, gravel, wood splinters, glass, etc.
What is the difference between model M116 and m116b1?
The base is closed with a metal closure disk and threaded plug. The expelling charge in Model M116B1 (0.34 lb of black powder) is contained in a polyethylene cup instead of m a cloth bag as in M116 (0.29 lb of black powder ), Also, the copper closure disk used in Model M116 has been replaced with a steel disk in the newer model.
What is HC smoke used for?
HC smoke is used by the U.S. military in a wide variety of munitions, some of which are shown in Table 5-1. HC smoke is produced by burning a mixture containing roughly equal parts of HCE and ZnO and approximately 6% granular aluminum. The smoke mixture in a smoke bomb or grenade is initially ignited by a pyrotechnic starter mixture.
What is the chemical composition of HC smoke?
Laboratory-produced HC smoke consisted primarily of Zn +2 and Cl -1 (Katz et al. 1980). The aluminum content ranged from 0.49% to 4.06% of the Zn content, with a mean of 1.79%. The lead content ranged from 0.13 to 2.2 µg/mg of Zn, and the cadmium content ranged from 0.18 to 5.0 µg/mg of Zn.
What is the toxicity of hexachloroethane smoke?
The toxicity of hexachloroethane (HCE) smoke (referred to as HC smoke) 1 is attributed to the production of zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ). Karlsson et al. (1991) compared acute inhalation exposures of HC smoke generated with zinc oxide (ZnO) with those generated with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ).