What anesthesia causes malignant hyperthermia?

What anesthesia causes malignant hyperthermia?

Triggering Agents According to the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (MHAUS), the following agents approved for use in the U.S. are known triggers of MH: inhaled general anesthetics, halothane, desflurane, enflurane, ether, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and succinylcholine.

What drugs should be avoided in malignant hyperthermia?

What drugs trigger MH? All the inhalation anesthetics (desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane halothane, enflurane) and succinylcholine (a depolarizing muscle relaxant) are considered MH triggers.

How is malignant hyperthermia treated during surgery?

Treatment

1. Medication. A drug called dantrolene (Dantrium, Ryanodex, Revonto) is used to treat the reaction by stopping the release of calcium into the muscle.
2. Oxygen. You may have oxygen through a face mask.
3. Body cooling.
4. Extra fluids.
5. Supportive care.

How does isoflurane cause malignant hyperthermia?

Malignant hyperthermia is a pharmacogenetic disorder in the regulation of calcium in skeletal muscles which is related to an uninhibited muscle hypermetabolic reaction to potent inhalation agents, the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine, and to stressors such as vigorous exercise and heat.

How long after anesthesia can malignant hyperthermia occur?

Although the initial clinical signs of MH typically occur within one hour of anesthesia induction, the onset of MH can occur any time during the administration of triggering agents.

Does propofol cause malignant hyperthermia?

Abstract. Propofol may be a useful anesthetic in the management of malignant hyperthermia patients. It appears not to trigger malignant hyperthermia while providing stress-free conditions.

What is trigger free anesthesia?

A trigger-free anesthetic includes no succinylcholine, sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, or halothane. A trigger-free anesthetic includes any of the following: Local anesthesia, with or without sedation with IV drugs such as Versed, fentanyl, or propofol.

Who is most at risk for malignant hyperthermia?

Malignant hyperthermia is an inherited syndrome. If one parent has the gene for the syndrome, the baby has a 50 percent chance of inheriting it. Most cases occur in people in their early 20s. Some studies show that men are more at risk than women to develop malignant hyperthermia.

Is malignant hyperthermia rare?

Malignant hyperthermia occurs in 1 in 5,000 to 50,000 instances in which people are given anesthetic gases.

How do you cool a patient with malignant hyperthermia?

Continuous application of cold water to the skin can be achieved by either sponging the patient or using a spray bottle. Placing a fan to blow directly on the patient while also spraying or sponging will increase the rate of evaporation, and thereby, will more rapidly decrease body temperature.

Does succinylcholine cause malignant hyperthermia?

All inhalation anesthetics except nitrous oxide are triggers for MH. The muscle relaxant succinylcholine is also a trigger for MH. No other anesthetic drugs appear to be triggers, including propofol and ketamine.