How does irrelevant speech during a learning task affect memory recall ability?
Irrelevant speech impairs the immediate serial recall of visually presented material. Secondly, the areas that are sensitive to the irrelevant speech effect are also generically activated by the verbal working memory task itself.
What can disrupt phonological loop?
In contrast, the phoneme-based short-term memory system (the phonological loop; Baddeley and Hitch, 1974; Baddeley, 2003) seems to be disrupted primarily by phonological distractors such as irrelevant speech and other types of changing-state sounds containing cues to the spectral or temporal modulations of speech (e.g. …
Who created the irrelevant sound effect theory?
Colle and Welsh (1976) were first to show that irrelevant sound impaired serial recall of visually presented information from short-term memory. In their study, irrelevant sound was played throughout presentation, retention, and recall of lists of eight visually presented letters.
How is visual information stored in working memory and how might this explain the irrelevant speech effect?
The visual items are translated into a phonological code that is stored in the same part of memory (the phonological store) as the irrelevant speech. Another theory attributes the effect to a disruption of order information. You remember the items, but it is information about the order that is lost.
What is irrelevant sound effect?
Abstract. The Irrelevant Sound Effect (ISE) is the finding that background sound impairs accuracy for visually presented serial recall tasks. Among various auditory backgrounds, speech typically acts as the strongest distractor.
How does the irrelevant sound effect work?
The term irrelevant sound effect (ISE) describes an empirically robust finding in which serial recall performance of visual items is reduced by irrelevant speech. White noise was chosen as a control condition, because it constitutes auditory stimulation while leaving serial recall performance unimpaired.
Why does irrelevant sound effect happen?
The irrelevant sound effect (ISE) occurs when serial recall of verbal material is disrupted by sounds that occur during list presentation (Colle & Welsh, 1976) or during the retention interval between presentation and recall (Klatte, Lee, & Hellbruck, 2002).
What is irrelevant sound effect theory?
The Irrelevant Sound Effect (ISE) is the finding that background sound impairs accuracy for visually presented serial recall tasks. Among various auditory backgrounds, speech typically acts as the strongest distractor.