What does CXCR4 bind to?
HIV/AIDS Glossary A protein on the surface of certain immune system cells, including CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4 cells). CXCR4 can act as a coreceptor (a second receptor binding site) for HIV when the virus enters a host cell.
What is CXCR4 expression?
Entrez Gene Summary for CXCR4 Gene This gene encodes a CXC chemokine receptor specific for stromal cell-derived factor-1. The protein has 7 transmembrane regions and is located on the cell surface. It acts with the CD4 protein to support HIV entry into cells and is also highly expressed in breast cancer cells.
What type of protein is CXCR4?
chemokine receptor
CXCR4 is a G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor, which is expressed on white blood cells and hematopoetic stem cells. In vitro human parvovirus B19-infected circulating angiogenic cells showed up-regulation of surface CXCR4 with increased migratory capacity further enhanced by elevated SDF-1alpha concentrations.
Where is CXCR4?
CXCR4 is a G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor that was originally cloned as an orphan chemokine receptor and was known as LESTR or fusin. CXCR4 is expressed on the cell surface of most leukocytes, including all B cells, and monocytes and most T lymphocyte subsets, but just weakly on NK cells.
Where are CCR5 and CXCR4 found?
HIV-1 most commonly uses the chemokine receptors CCR5 and/or CXCR4 as co-receptors to enter target immunological cells. These receptors are located on the surface of host immune cells whereby they provide a method of entry for the HIV-1 virus to infect the cell.
Where is CXCR4 found?
bone marrow
Cells that have the CXCR4 protein in their membrane are attracted to SDF-1. High levels of this ligand are found in the bone marrow, which helps certain blood cells migrate to and stay in the bone marrow until they are needed elsewhere in the body.
Do B cells express CXCR4?
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is expressed in B cells at multiple stages of their development. These findings establish an important role for CXCR4 in regulating homeostasis of B cell compartmentalization and humoral immunity.
What is CXCR4 gene?
The CXCR4 gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein that spans the outer membrane of cells, specifically white blood cells and cells in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Receptor proteins have specific sites into which certain other proteins, called ligands, fit like keys into locks.
What type of receptor is CXCR4?
Receptor. CXCR4 is a G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor that was originally cloned as an orphan chemokine receptor and was known as LESTR or fusin. CXCR4 is expressed on the cell surface of most leukocytes, including all B cells, and monocytes and most T lymphocyte subsets, but just weakly on NK cells.
What are GPCR receptors used for?
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are arguably the most important class of proteins. They are the largest class of receptors, and are involved in numerous physiological functions including sight, smell, inflammation, taste, and the immune response 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
What is the role of CXCR4 overexpression in cancer?
CXCR4 overexpression, which has been identified in multiple cancer types, also supports cancer metastasis, recurrence and therapeutic resistance (reviewed by Chatterjee et al., 2014 ).
What is the role of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in pancreatic cancer?
In pancreatic cancer, the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Nearly 85% of pancreatic tumor samples tested were positive for CXCR4 expression.