Is intercalation reversible?
In chemistry, intercalation is the reversible inclusion or insertion of a molecule (or ion) into layered materials with layered structures. Examples are found in graphite and transition metal dichalcogenides.
Is graphite a reducing agent?
Potassium graphite is an extremely strong reducing agent and has been used extensively as a catalyst in chemical synthesis.
What are the classes of intercalated compounds graphite?
Graphite Intercalation Compounds They are classified into ionic compounds (e.g., graphite–lithium and graphite–bromine) and covalent compounds (e.g., graphite oxide). Intercalation can only occur in carbon materials that are strongly graphitic.
What causes intercalation?
Intercalation occurs when ligands of an appropriate size and chemical nature fit themselves in between base pairs of DNA. These ligands are mostly polycyclic, aromatic, and planar, and therefore often make good nucleic acid stains.
Why does intercalation happen?
The driving force for intercalation during discharge is the spontaneous redox reaction at the electrode surface. Electroneutrality is maintained by the flow of electrons from the negatively charged anode to the positive cathode via the external circuit.
Does graphite oxidize?
Oxidation degrades the mechanical and thermal properties of graphite. As the lifetime of the graphite components is shortened, the operation costs increase. A severe accident such as an air or water ingress accident would cause graphite material to be oxidized by air or water.
What is graphite made out of?
carbon
Both diamond and graphite are made entirely out of carbon, as is the more recently discovered buckminsterfullerene (a discrete soccer-ball-shaped molecule containing carbon 60 atoms). The way the carbon atoms are arranged in space, however, is different for the three materials, making them allotropes of carbon.
What is structure of graphite?
Graphite has a layered structure that consists of rings of six carbon atoms arranged in widely spaced horizontal sheets. Graphite thus crystallizes in the hexagonal system, in contrast to the same element crystallizing in the octahedral or tetrahedral system as diamond.
What is lithium intercalation?
In a recent study conducted by the Chemistry Department and Institute for Materials Research at State University of New York, they further describe intercalation as “chemical reactions wherein lithium or hydrogen is inserted into a host matrix with essential retention of the crystal structure”.
What is the structure of graphite intercalation compound?
Preparation and structure. In a graphite intercalation compound not every layer is necessarily occupied by guests. In so-called stage 1 compounds, graphite layers and intercalated layers alternate and in stage 2 compounds, two graphite layers with no guest material in between alternate with an intercalated layer.
How do you prepare graphite bisulfate and graphite perchlorate?
The intercalation compounds graphite bisulfate and graphite perchlorate can be prepared by treating graphite with strong oxidizing agents in the presence of strong acids. In graphite perchlorate, planar layers of carbon atoms are 794 picometers apart, separated by ClO 4 − ions.
What is the structure of intercalation?
The formation and constitution of these intercalation compounds may be explained in terms of the structure of graphite and the special bonding relationships encountered in it. Graphite crystallizes in a layer lattice. The carbon atoms form regular sheets of linked hexagons, which are displaced relative to one another.
Is the reaction between graphite and guest X reversible?
The reaction is reversible. The host (graphite) and the guest X interact by charge transfer. An analogous process is the basis of commercial lithium-ion batteries . In a graphite intercalation compound not every layer is necessarily occupied by guests.