What is Intratubular germ cell neoplasia?
Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) is the precursor lesion for invasive testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) of adolescents and young adults. The rising incidence of these tumors has prompted a rigorous investigation of the etiology, diagnosis and management of ITGCN.
What does GCNIS mean?
Testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS; formerly called intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the unclassified type [1]) is generally considered a precursor of all testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs), except for spermatocytic seminomas in older adult men and yolk sac tumors and mature teratomas in infants.
What is a Nonseminomatous germ cell tumor?
Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are cancerous tumors commonly found in the pineal gland in the brain, in the mediastinum, or in the abdomen. They originate from cells that were meant to form sex cells (i.e., sperm or eggs).
What is the difference between seminoma and nonseminoma?
Seminomas are very sensitive to radiation therapy. Nonseminoma: This more common type of testicular cancer tends to grow more quickly than seminomas. Nonseminoma tumors are often made up of more than one type of cell, and are identified according to these different cell types: Choriocarcinoma (rare)
Which germ cell tumor arise from Itgcn?
Most germ cell tumors (GCTs) arise from ITGCN. Except for spermatocytic seminoma in adults and teratomas and yolk sac tumor in pediatric patients.
What is embryonic cell carcinoma?
Embryonic Carcinoma Cells Embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells were the first pluripotent cells identified. These cells were derived from malignant germ cell tumors called teratocarcinomas. These tumors are characterized by the presence of cell types from all three germ layers, as well as undifferentiated cells.
What is Microlithiasis?
Testicular microlithiasis (tes-TIK-yoo-lur my-kroh-lih-THIE-uh-sis) is a condition in which small clusters of calcium form in the testicles. It can be detected on an ultrasound exam of the scrotum. Several studies show a relationship between testicular microlithiasis and testicular cancer.
What does Nonseminomatous mean?
(NON-seh-mih-NOH-muh) A type of cancer that begins in cells that form sperm or eggs. There are several types of nonseminoma tumors, including embryonal carcinoma, malignant teratoma, choriocarcinoma, and yolk sac tumor. These tumors are usually made up of more than one type of cancer cell.
Which of the following is a tumor marker of Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors?
Serum hCG and AFP are the most important tumor markers. AFP levels are elevated in 50-70% of patients with NSGTs, and hCG levels are elevated in 40%-60%.
What is a Gonadoblastoma?
(goh-NA-doh-blas-TOH-muh) A rare tumor that is made up of more than one type of cell found in the gonads (testicles and ovaries), including germ cells, stromal cells, and granulosa cells. Gonadoblastomas are usually benign (not cancer), but they may sometimes become malignant (cancer) if not treated.