What are Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxins?

What are Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxins?

Shiga-like toxins (Stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins involved in human and animal diseases. Stx is produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, Citrobacter freundii, and Aeromonas spp.; Stx is an important cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).

Which type of toxin is Shiga toxin?

Shiga toxin (Stx) is one of the most potent bacterial toxins known. Stx is found in Shigella dysenteriae 1 and in some serogroups of Escherichia coli (called Stx1 in E. coli).

What organisms produce Shiga toxin?

Bacterial Toxins Shiga and shiga-like toxins are produced by Shigella dysenteriae (type 1) and some strains of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7.

Which E. coli produces Shiga toxin?

Many E. coli strains are routinely found in the colons of humans and do not cause disease. However, unlike other E. coli strains, STEC produces a toxin called “Shiga toxin.” This toxin is responsible for the bloody diarrhea, HUS, and other symptoms that occur with this infection.

Is Shiga like toxin an endotoxin or exotoxin?

This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of cell death caused by Shiga toxins (Stxs), a family of structurally and functionally related exotoxins produced by the enteric pathogens Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC).

What is shiga toxin in a stool culture?

E. coli that produce poisons called Shiga toxins are generally the only type of E. coli that are tested for in clinical settings from stool specimens. The Shiga toxins associated with these infections are so called because they are related to the toxins produced by another type of disease-causing bacteria, Shigella.

What is Shiga toxin in a stool culture?

Is Shiga toxin a neurotoxin?

32000 D) and B (mol. wt. 7700 D)—and is one of the AB5 toxins. The B subunit is a pentamer that binds to specific glycolipids on the host cell, specifically globotriaosylceramide (Gb3).

Does Shigella make Shiga toxin?

Shigella dysenteriae is more common in developing countries and is the only type of Shigella that is usually known to produce Shiga toxin.