How does Citrobacter freundii cause disease?
freundii with gastroenteritis, neonatal meningitis, and septicemia. [3] It is known to cause health care associated infections of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, blood, and other normally sterile sites in the body. The chief cause is a weak and attenuated immune system and functioning of the body.
How is Citrobacter freundii spread?
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Citrobacter may be spread by direct contact with hospital staff members, mother to child transmission or through ingestion of environmental sources (fecal-oral route) but person-to-person transmission is more prevalent 7, 11.
Can Citrobacter freundii cause infectious disease?
Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter koseri can cause urinary tract infections, and are found in wound, respiratory, meningitis, and sepsis. They can cause healthcare-associated infections, especially in pediatric and immunocompromised patients [41].
What are virulence factors of Citrobacter freundii?
The main virulence factors found in diarrhea-associated C. freundii are toxins, including Shiga-like toxins, heat stable toxins and a cholera toxin B subunit homolog (Bai et al., 2012).
Does Citrobacter freundii ferment glucose?
These facultative anaerobes typically are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. They ferment glucose and other carbohydrates with the production of acid and gas.
What are the symptoms of Citrobacter freundii?
Projectile vomiting • Seizures. Peritonitis and tunnel infection due to Citrobacter freundii have also been reported. This has most frequently been seen in hospitalized and immune-compromised patients who have been kept on ventilators and urinary catheter.
What is the morphology of Citrobacter freundii?
Citrobacter freundii are facultative anaerobic Gram-negative coliform bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacteria are long rod-shaped with a typical length of 1-5 μm. Most C.
What does Citrobacter Freundii ferment?
freundii can use citrate as a sole carbon source. Citrobacter species are differentiated by their ability to convert tryptophan to indole (C. koseri is the only citrobacter to be commonly indole-positive), ferment lactose (C. koseri is a lactose fermentor), and use malonate.
Does Citrobacter Freundii form spores?
Research Journal of Microbiology, 7: 219-226. Citrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-spore forming rods belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family. At present and according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, eleven species are reported in the genus including: C. freundii, C.
Is Citrobacter freundii a glucose fermenter?
All strains ferment glucose under acid production and about 90% of them also under gas production.
Is Citrobacter koseri infection contagious?
is citrobacter koseri contagious? Dr. Hunter Handsfield answered 53 years experience Infectious Disease Not contagious: This is a normal bacteria in the intestines.
What causes Citrobacter UTI?
They are caused when bacteria that is normally found in the intestinal tract or on the skin is spread into the urinary system. E. coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections, but there are several other types of bacteria that can lead to urinary tract infections. One of those types is called Citrobacter freundii.
What are the colony characteristics of Citrobacter freundii?
Citrobacter species are 1.0 × 2.0-6.0 μm in size. They are found either singly or in pairs, are devoid of a capsule, and are motile. C. freundii form small, circular, convex dark pink colonies on MacConkey agar. Rough or mucoid forms have also been reported.
Can Citrobacter koseri cause an uti?
Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter koseri can cause urinary tract infections , and are found in wound, respiratory, meningitis, and sepsis. They can cause healthcare-associated infections, especially in pediatric and immunocompromised patients [41]. Citrobacter spp. are intrinsically resistant to ampicillin.