How does enterovirus replicate?
The Enterovirus replication cycle is initiated by binding of the virus to the receptor and internalization into the cell. Subsequently, the viral RNA genome is released from the virion and translated into a single polyprotein which is then processed by the viral proteases to release the viral proteins.
What are the 5 steps of virus replication?
Most productive viral infections follow similar steps in the virus replication cycle: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release.
What do viruses use for replication?
Viruses cannot replicate on their own, but rather depend on their host cell’s protein synthesis pathways to reproduce. This typically occurs by the virus inserting its genetic material in host cells, co-opting the proteins to create viral replicates, until the cell bursts from the high volume of new viral particles.
What are the 2 types of replication in viruses?
There are two processes used by viruses to replicate: the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle. Some viruses reproduce using both methods, while others only use the lytic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the virus attaches to the host cell and injects its DNA.
Is enterovirus naked or enveloped?
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a non-enveloped virus and it can be released from host cells through a traditional cytolytic manner.
Do enteroviruses have an envelope?
There is no lipid envelope, and the genome, instead of having an AUG-containing cap, has an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES), which allows for mRNA translation. Rhinovirus species within the Enterovirus genus infect both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rarely cause disseminated disease.
What is Uncoating in viral replication?
Uncoating: The viral capsid is removed and degraded by viral enzymes or host enzymes releasing the viral genomic nucleic acid. 4. Replication: After the viral genome has been uncoated, transcription or translation of the viral genome is initiated.
Can computer virus replicate itself?
A computer virus, much like a flu virus, is designed to spread from host to host and has the ability to replicate itself. Similarly, in the same way that flu viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell, computer viruses cannot reproduce and spread without programming such as a file or document.
Is rhinovirus fecal oral?
Rhinoviruses are found in the respiratory tract. Although enteroviruses are transmitted mostly by the fecal-oral route, they can also be transmitted by salivary and respiratory droplets. Some serotypes are spread by conjunctival secretions and exudates from skin lesions.
Is Echovirus a picornavirus?
The echoviruses and coxsackieviruses are enteroviruses of the family Picornaviridae and share many features with the polioviruses. They have 30 nm, non-enveloped particles enclosing a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome (Fauqu et al., 2005).
Is enterovirus same as poliovirus?
Historically, poliomyelitis was the most significant disease caused by an enterovirus, namely poliovirus. There are 81 non-polio and 3 polio enteroviruses that can cause disease in humans. Of the 81 non-polio types, there are 22 Coxsackie A viruses, 6 Coxsackie B viruses, 28 echoviruses, and 25 other enteroviruses.