How to calculate the capture zone?
It is calculated by subtracting water level under pumping conditions from the water level without pumping. Cone of Depression is the region where drawdown due to pumping is observed. Capture Zone is the region that contributes the ground water extracted by the extraction well(s).
What is the capture zone?
A “capture zone” refers to the three-dimensional region that contributes the ground water extracted by one or more wells or drains.
What is the capture zone of a well?
The capture zone is a 2-dimensional surface that includes the subarea of the total areal recharge providing ground water to a pumped well. The extent of the capture zone boundary can be determined using measurable hydrologic characteristics and simple to complex analytical and numerical models.
What is groundwater capture?
The term capture refers to changes in the flow rates into and out of head-dependent boundaries of an aquifer in response to pumping. In contrast, capture zone refers to the three-dimensional, volumetric portion of a groundwater-flow field that discharges water to a well.
What percentage of water is surface water?
71 percent
About 71 percent of the Earth’s surface is water-covered, and the oceans hold about 96.5 percent of all Earth’s water.
What is a possible way to decrease permeability?
Concrete with lower permeability can generally be achieved by substituting between 25 to 65 percent slag cement for portland cement. Figure 2 shows the ability of a specific slag cement to reduce the permeability of concrete as measured by the rapid chloride permeability test.
What are the three types of groundwater?
Groundwater Occurrence and Types of Ground Water
- Rivers.
- Lakes.
- Natural springs.
- Rain.
- Snow.
- Glaciers.
- Aquifers etc.
How long does it take for surface water to become groundwater?
The time it takes for surface infiltration to reach an aquifer as deep as 400 feet may take hours, days, or even years, depending on the rate of recharge. In some of the flood-irrigated areas, groundwater levels in nearby domestic wells rise within a few hours to days of flood-up.
What are the two zones of groundwater?
Groundwater is found in two zones. The unsaturated zone, immediately below the land surface, contains water and air in the open spaces, or pores. The saturated zone, a zone in which all the pores and rock fractures are filled with water, underlies the unsaturated zone.
What are the zones of groundwater?
What is the temperature of underground water?
The temperature of underground water could be 10-20 degree Celsius (50-68 °F). It is different for different geographical regions. So, if temperature outside is suppose 40 degree Celsius (104 °F) but underground water is only 15 °C (59 °F), you will feel it cold.
What is capturecapture zone analysis?
Capture zone analysis is the process of evaluating field observations of hydraulic heads and ground-water chemistry to interpret the actual capture zone, and then comparing the interpreted capture zone to a “Target Capture Zone” to determine if capture is sufficient.
Are target capture zones being evaluated effectively at Superfund sites?
An optimization study (U.S. EPA, 2002a) of 20 “Fund-lead” P systems at Superfund sites concluded that capture zones were not being adequately evaluated. At least 14 of the 20 sites did not have a clearly defined Target Capture Zone.
What happens when the capture zone fails?
Failed capture, illustrated schematically on Figure 2, can allow the plume to grow, which may cause harm to receptors and may increase the ultimate cost or duration of the ground-water remedy. The purpose of this document is to present a systematic approach to evaluating capture zones at P sites.
What is drawdown in capture zone 28?
of Capture Zone 28 Drawdown is the change of water level due to pumping. It is calculated by subtracting water level under pumping conditions from the water level without pumping. Cone of Depression is the region where drawdown due to pumping is observed.