What are the four components of tetralogy of Fallot?

What are the four components of tetralogy of Fallot?

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of the combination of four different heart defects: a ventricular septal defect (VSD); obstructed outflow of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs (pulmonary stenosis); a displaced aorta, which causes blood to flow into the aorta from both the right and left ventricles (dextroposition …

What is pink tetralogy Fallot?

Pink tetralogy of Fallot refers to a tetralogy of Fallot in which the degree of right ventricular outflow obstruction is minimal, resulting no significant right to left shunt, and therefore no cyanosis. Symptoms are mild and presentation may be delayed, even into adulthood.

What type of VSD is in tetralogy of Fallot?

The ventricular septal defect (VSD) in Fallot’s tetralogy (TF) was classified into four types: perimembranous (PM), muscular outlet (MO), doubly committed subarterial (DS), and DS with perimembranous extension.

Why polycythemia occurs in TOF?

Polycythemia may arise secondary to myeloproliferative disorders (e.g. polycythemia vera) or, more commonly, as a result of non-clonal increase in the number of red blood cells regulated by erythropoietin (SP). SP has acquired and congenital subtypes [1].

How do you remember Tetralogy of Fallot?

Mnemonic

1. P: pulmonary stenosis.
2. R: right ventricular hypertrophy.
3. O: overriding aorta.
4. V: ventricular septal defect.

What is right ventricular hypertrophy?

Introduction. Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is an abnormal enlargement or pathologic increase in muscle mass of the right ventricle in response to pressure overload, most commonly due to severe lung disease.

What is transposition of great vessels?

Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries or d-TGA is a birth defect of the heart in which the two main arteries carrying blood out of the heart – the main pulmonary artery and the aorta – are switched in position, or “transposed.” Because a baby with this defect may need surgery or other procedures soon after birth.

Why is it called Tet spell?

Sometimes, babies who have tetralogy of Fallot will suddenly develop deep blue skin, nails and lips after crying or feeding, or when agitated. These episodes are called tet spells. Tet spells are caused by a rapid drop in the amount of oxygen in the blood.

What is tetralogy of Fallot and how is it repaired?

Tetralogy of Fallot is treated with two kinds of surgery. One provides temporary improvement by a shunt to give more blood flow to the lungs. The other is a complete repair of the two most important abnormalities that make up tetralogy of Fallot. Patients might have one or both surgeries in their lifetime.

Which structural defects constitute tetralogy of Fallot?

Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four congenital abnormalities. The four defects include a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary valve stenosis, a misplaced aorta and a thickened right ventricular wall (right ventricular hypertrophy). They usually result in an insufficient amount of oxygenated blood reaching the body.

What is the prognosis of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?

Mortality rate depends on the severity of the tetralogy of Fallot. If left untreated, TOF carries a 35% mortality rate in the first year of life, and a 50% mortality rate in the first three years of life. Patients with untreated TOF rarely progress to adulthood.

What is the goal of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) therapy?

Therapeutic Goals The ultimate goal of surgical therapy in tetralogy of Fal-lot with MAPCAs is to normalize circulatory physiology. Among patients surviving complete repair, the most im-portant physiologic indicator of outcome is peak right ventricular pressure, which should remain as low as pos-sible [15, 35]. For a right ventricle pumping a