What are the fractions of crude oil?
Fractional distillation of crude oil
| Fraction: | No. of carbon atoms: | Colour: |
|---|---|---|
| Gasoline (petrol) | 4 – 12 | Colourless to pale yellow |
| Kerosine (paraffin) | 11 – 15 | Colourless to yellow |
| Diesel oil | 15 – 19 | Brown |
| Residue lubricating oil heavy fuel oil bitumen | C | Dark brown |
How is crude oil separated into its components?
The main process for separating the hydrocarbon components of crude oil is fractional distillation. Crude oil fractions separated by distillation are passed on for subsequent processing into numerous products, ranging from gasoline and diesel fuel to heating oil to asphalt.
What are fractions of crude oil used for?
Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into simpler, more useful mixtures . This method can be used because different hydrocarbons have different boiling points .
How does fractionating column separate crude oil?
Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. A tall fractionating column is fitted above the mixture, with several condensers coming off at different heights. The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column.
How is crude oil separated in the oil industry?
Modern separation involves piping crude oil through hot furnaces. The resulting liquids and vapors are discharged into distillation units. All refineries have atmospheric distillation units, while more complex refineries may have vacuum distillation units.
What methods are used to separate crude oil?
Are crude oil fractions pure?
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons . The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column. Each fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms and a similar range of boiling points.
How would you separate crude oil into fractions in a school laboratory?
Fractional distillation
- heated crude oil enters near the bottom of a tall fractionating column , which is hot at the bottom and gets cooler towards the top.
- vapours from the oil rise through the column.
- vapours condense when the temperature of the column is cool enough.
What is crude oil refined into?
petroleum products
How crude oil is refined into petroleum products. Petroleum refineries change crude oil into petroleum products for use as fuels for transportation, heating, paving roads, and generating electricity and as feedstocks for making chemicals.
What is the separation technique to separate petrol from crude oil?
fractional distillation
Petroleum can be separated into various types of fuel, by a process called refining, using fractional distillation. Petrol, Diesel and Kerosene are all products (or fractions) of the process of refining Petroleum. On an industrial scale, the different fractions of Petroleum are separated out by fractional distillation.
Why is fractional distillation more effective?
Fractional Distillation. When the boiling points of the two liquids in the mixture are close, generally a difference of less than 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit ), fractional distillation is more efficient. Fractional distillation completes several simple distillations in one apparatus.
What is a fraction of crude oil?
A crude oil fraction is a component of crude oil, which has its own particular molecular composition, weight, and boiling point. The first step in the refining process is the separation of crude oil into various crude oil fractions. Heavy crude oil fractions can be cracked to yield lighter, more valuable products.
When to use fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of the components of a mixture are close to each other, as determined using Raoult’s law. A fractionating column is used to separate the components used a series of distillations called rectification.
What is fractional distillation of crude oil?
Fractional distillation is used for the distillation of crude oil in the petroleum industry. The fractional distillation of the crude oil is the starting point for the manufacturing of gasoline, lubricating oil, diesel, fuel oil, chemicals and plastics.