What are the methods of chlorination of water?
Chlorination can be achieved by using liquefied chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite solution or calcium hypochlorite granules and on-site chlorine generators (e.g. WATA). Chlorine is widely applied for the centralised disinfection of drinking water in municipal water supply systems.
What is chlorination process and its role of disinfection in wastewater treatment?
Chlorine and its various forms are powerful oxidants that will kill or inactivate most pathogenic organism that are harmful to human and animal life. Chlorination is the most commonly used disinfection process for wastewater treatment. Elemental chlorine is either liquid or gaseous in form.
What are different types of chlorination?
Types. The different types of chlorine disinfection are batch disinfection, simple chlorination, super-chlorination followed by dechlorination, and shock chlorination. They vary in the amount of chlorine used.
How many water treatment plants use chlorine?
We estimate there are approximately 57,000 drinking water and 9,000 wastewater treatment facilities in the United States and Canada that rely on chlorine chemistry for their operation.
What is the basis of chlorination of water?
When chlorine gas (Cl2) is added to the water (H2O), it hydrolyzes rapidly to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the hypochlorous acid will then dissociate into hypochlorite ions (OCl-) and hydrogen ions (H+). Because hydrogen ions are produced, the water will become more acidic (the pH of the water will decrease).
What is the role of chlorine in water treatment?
Chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to drinking water to kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Using or drinking water with small amounts of chlorine does not cause harmful health effects and provides protection against waterborne disease outbreaks.
Do wastewater treatment plants use chlorine?
Dechlorination: Why It Matters Nearly every wastewater treatment facility uses chlorination to disinfect wastewater before the water is sent back out into the environment. The primary goal of chlorination is to disinfect the wastewater and remove any harmful pathogens that are present in the water.
What is meant by chlorination of water?
Chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to drinking water to kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Different processes can be used to achieve safe levels of chlorine in drinking water.
What are 3 uses for chlorine?
Chlorine is commonly used as an antiseptic and is used to make drinking water safe and to treat swimming pools. Large amounts of chlorine are used in many industrial processes, such as in the production of paper products, plastics, dyes, textiles, medicines, antiseptics, insecticides, solvents and paints.
What are the benefits and risks of water chlorination?
Adding chlorine to the water is known to provide a number of benefits, including reducing the chance of people developing certain diseases as the result of water consumption. At the same time, there are some risks with ingesting water with chlorine added that has prompted some discussion regarding whether the benefits outweigh the risks.
How does chlorine kill bacteria in water?
Chlorine is the chemical most often used to keep swimming pools and Jacuzzis free of bacteria that can be hazardous to humans. Chlorine kills bacteria though a fairly simple chemical reaction. The chlorine solution you pour into the water breaks down into many different chemicals, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ion (OCl-).
Why is chlorine added during water treatment?
Chlorine is used as a disinfectant by most public water systems to kill harmful microorganisms during the water treatment process. The use of chlorine, in carefully controlled dosages, provides a significant public health improvement.
Is chloramination an alternative to chlorination?
Chloramination sometimes replaces chlorination to accomplish more reliable disinfection, because it can reduce the likelihood of formation of certain disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and provides a longer-lasting residual in distribution systems. Chlorination typically refers to application of chlorine to achieve a residual of free chlorine.