What are the symptoms of granulosa cell Tumour?
Granulosa cell tumours often produce hormones and are called functioning tumours. They make the female hormone oestrogen which can cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding or breast tenderness.
Is granulosa cell tumor benign or malignant?
Adult granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a rare ovarian malignancy having good prognosis in comparison with other epithelial tumors.
Are all granulosa cell tumors malignant?
GCTs are thought to be tumors of low malignant potential. Most of these tumors follow a benign course, with only a small percentage showing aggressive behavior, perhaps due to early stage at diagnosis. Metastatic disease can involve any organ system, although tumor growth usually is confined to the abdomen and pelvis.
Can granulosa cell tumors spread?
Adult-type ovarian granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are very rare tumors that account for <5% of all ovarian carcinomas. AGCTs have low malignancy potential and rarely metastasize 5–30 years after the initial diagnosis.
What causes granulosa tumors?
The exact cause of granulosa cell tumors is unknown. Treatment consists of surgery to remove the tumor, and additional treatments may also be used depending on the extent of the tumor.
Are granulosa cell tumors hereditary?
If you have daughters, they are not at increased risk for GCT of the ovary because of your wife’s illness; GCT has no known inherited genetic cause.
How is granulosa cell tumor diagnosed?
GCT is usually associated with a mass on pelvic examination that is subsequently confirmed on ultrasonography. Surgery is required for definitive tissue diagnosis, staging, and tumor debulking. In older women, a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy are typically performed.
Is granulosa cell tumor hereditary?
Unlike many other illnesses, no lifestyle factors (for example, weight or smoking) affect the course of the disease or its possible recurrence. If you have daughters, they are not at increased risk for GCT of the ovary because of your wife’s illness; GCT has no known inherited genetic cause.
Where do granulosa cell tumors metastasize to?
Spread is largely within the pelvis and the lower abdomen. Distant metastases are rare with few reported cases of lung, liver, brain, bone, diaphragm, abdominal wall, adrenal gland and supraclavicular lymph node metastasis from ovarian tumors.
What stimulates granulosa cells?
Granulosa cells respond to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) mainly by aromatizing androgens to estrogens and to some extent by producing pregnenolone from cholesterol. LDL, low density lipoproteins; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
How rare are granulosa cell tumors?
Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary is a rare type of ovarian cancer that accounts for approximately 2% of all ovarian tumors. This type of tumor is known as a sex cord-stromal tumor and usually occurs in adults.
Where are granulosa cells located?
primordial ovarian follicle
Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).