What causes hinge fractures?
Hinge fractures are defined as crushing injuries, such as compression of the head between the ground and a heavy object (ie, a car tire). Transverse hinge fractures extend across the dorsum sellae of the skull, and can separate it into two.
What is flint knapping in Archaeology?
Flintknapping is the making of flaked or chipped stone tools. These rock types, when struck with another rock, piece of antler, or bone, will fracture or break in a characteristic pattern called a conchoidal fracture. This creates a rock fragment called a flake.
What is stone knapping?
Knapping is the shaping of flint, chert, obsidian or other conchoidal fracturing stone through the process of lithic reduction to manufacture stone tools, strikers for flintlock firearms, or to produce flat-faced stones for building or facing walls, and flushwork decoration.
How much force is needed for a skull fracture?
Second, there’s more than one way to crack a skull. Some reports suggest it could take as little as 16 pounds (73 newtons) of force to cause a simple fracture. A Japanese study put the figure for a full-on crushing as high as 1,200 pounds (5,400 newtons).
Is it easy to break flint?
Flint, a form of Silica and variety of quartz, is a durable rock characterized by its hardness and brittleness, allowing the rock to easily break when knapped, a process during which the flint is heated so that it chips more easily, resulting in razor sharp edges. However, flint is truly a purer form of chert.
What is chert and flint?
Chert and flint are microcrystalline varieties of quartz. The only difference between chert and flint is color: flint is black or nearly black and chert tends to be white, gray, or pink and can be either plain, banded, or preserve fossil traces.
What is needed for flint knapping?
Things You’ll Need
- Leather Leg protection.
- Eye Protection.
- Several round hammer stones varying is size from 2 to 4 inches (5.1 to 10.2 cm)
- Copper-ended billet (weighted at copper end) or antler billet (moose is best)
- Pressure flaking tool (large wooden dowel with large copper nail in end, or sharp deer antler tine)
Where does the term flint knapping come from?
The term “flintknapping” comes from the late 1800s—people who made gun flints for rifles in Europe were called flintknappers. People’s ability to create flaked stone tools is based on their understanding of the phenomenon of conchoidal fracturing and their discernment of the materials that fracture this way.