What causes sodium levels to be low?
A low sodium level has many causes, including consumption of too many fluids, kidney failure, heart failure, cirrhosis, and use of diuretics. Symptoms result from brain dysfunction.
Which drugs can cause hyponatremia?
Known offenders include acetazolamide, amiloride, amphotericin, aripiprazole, atovaquone, thiazide diuretics, amiodarone, basiliximab, angiotensin II receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, bromocriptine, carbamazepine, carboplatin, carvedilol, celecoxib, cyclophosphamide, clofibrate, desmopressin.
What causes hyponatremia and hypokalemia?
In potassium depletion, the deficit of cellular potassium triggers cells to gain sodium from the extracellular fluid (to maintain volume and tonicity), generating hyponatremia coupled with hypokalemia. Potassium depletion also promotes renal sodium retention, thereby increasing exchangeable sodium.
Can a UTI cause low sodium?
Underactive thyroid or adrenal glands. Decreased function of the kidneys, liver or heart. Certain cancers, including lung cancer. Certain illnesses, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infections, that can cause dehydration.
Which of the following are causes of hyponatremia in older adults?
Hyponatremia in elderly subjects is mainly caused by drugs (more frequently thiazides and antidepressants), the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIAD) or endocrinopathies; however, hyponatremia is multifactorial in a significant proportion of patients.
Which antibiotic causes hyponatremia?
Antibiotics: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, rifabutin. Antiarrhythmic drugs: Amiodarone, lorcainide, propafenone. Theophylline. Proton pump inhibitors.
What drugs cause hypernatremia?
Drug Induced Hypernatraemia
- Diuretics.
- Sodium bicarbonate.
- Sodium chloride.
- Corticosteroids.
- Anabolic steroids.
- Adrenocorticotrophic steroids.
- Androgens.
- Oestrogens.
What causes hyponatremia and hypernatremia?
Two common causes of hypernatremia are insufficient fluid intake and too much water loss. In rare cases, consuming too much sodium can cause hypernatremia to occur. The opposite of hypernatremia is hyponatremia. This condition occurs when a person’s serum sodium level is less than 135 mEq/l.
What drugs can cause hyponatremia?
Certain drugs. Medications that increase your risk of hyponatremia include thiazide diuretics as well as some antidepressants and pain medications. In addition, the recreational drug Ecstasy has been linked to fatal cases of hyponatremia. Conditions that decrease your body’s water excretion.
What medications lower sodium levels?
Medical conditions that can sometimes be associated with hyponatremia are adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and cirrhosis of the liver. Finally, a number of medications can lower blood sodium levels. Examples of these include diuretics, vasopressin, and the sulfonylurea drugs.
What are the symptoms of low sodium?
What are the symptoms of low sodium levels? Hyponatremia occurs when sodium levels in the blood are too low. Symptoms include lethargy, confusion, and fatigue. It can result from underlying conditions, such as kidney failure, or other factors, such as drinking too much water or taking certain medications.
What are the dangers of low sodium levels?
If your sodium levels drop below 135 mmol per L, it’s called hyponatremia. In severe cases, low sodium levels can cause neurological symptoms, brain damage and even death if left untreated. A headache is a common symptom of low sodium levels and may indicate a more serious condition.