What does cardenolide mean?
Definition of cardenolide : any of numerous organic compounds with a characteristic ring structure many of which are found in plants (as some milkweeds), have an effect on the vertebrate heart like that of digitalis, and cause vomiting.
What is the source of cardenolide?
Cardenolides are a group of cardiac-active steroids that have a five- or six-membered lactone ring and, in most cases, a sugar moiety, and are found mainly in plants belonging to Asclepidaceae and Apocynaceae, such as ouabain (Figure 10) from an African plant, Acokanthera ouabaio (Apocynaceae), but also in plants …
What is the difference between cardenolides and Bufadienolides?
is that cardenolide is (organic chemistry) any of many steroid lactones present in plants as glycosides; they are all toxic, affecting the heart while bufadienolide is (steroid|poison) any of a class of toxic steroids present in some plants and secreted by some toads through the skin as a defense; sometimes present as …
Which drug contains cardenolides?
The genus Digitalis L. containing species, commonly known as the “foxglove”, is the main source of cardenolides, which have various pharmacological properties effective against certain pathological conditions including myocardial infarction, arterial hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, angina, and hypertrophy.
Which plant produces Cardenolides?
milkweed plant
For most animals, the milkweed plant is far from appetizing: It contains nasty toxins called cardenolides that can make the creatures vomit and, should they ingest enough, cause their hearts to beat out of control. Yet some insects appear entirely unfazed by the powerful poison.
What are Cardenolides in milkweed?
The larvae sequester toxic steroids, known as cardenolides, from milkweed (Brower 1969; Brower & Glazier 1975; Malcolm 1991, 1995), and they use these cardenolides as a defense against predators. The bad taste and toxicity of both the larvae and adults are advertised by conspicuous, warning coloration.
What was ouabain originally used for?
Ouabain /wɑːˈbɑːɪn/ or /ˈwɑːbeɪn, ˈwæ-/ (from Somali waabaayo, “arrow poison” through French ouabaïo) also known as g-strophanthin, is a plant derived toxic substance that was traditionally used as an arrow poison in eastern Africa for both hunting and warfare.
Which one is an example of bufadienolide drug?
The active ingredient is bufadienolides, such as bufalin, cinobufagin, and resibufogenin. Bufalin (structurally similar to digoxin) is known to increase vasoconstriction, vascular resistance, and blood pressure, probably by inhibiting Na/K-ATPase activity and/or interfering with calcium ion concentration.
Is digoxin a Cardenolide?
8.1. Cardenolides, the C23 steroidal aglycones of cardiotonic glycosides such as digoxin, are synthesized from sterol (probably cholesterol) in the leaves of Digitalis sp. and other plants.
What are cardenolides in milkweed?
What is the structure of a cardenolide?
Cardenolides are C (23)-steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a five-membered lactone (specifically a butenolide) at C-17. They are aglycone constituents of cardiac glycosides and must have at least one double bond in the molecule. The class includes cardadienolides and cardatrienolides. Members include:
Which reagent gives the color red with cardenolides?
Legal reagent, Baljet reagent, Raymond reagent (alkaline meta dinitrobenzene) gives a red–orange or violet color with cardenolides. b. Chloramine–trichloroacetic acid reagent (CTA): Blue, yellow, or yellow–green fluorescent zones are observed in UV-365 nm.
What is the difference between cardenolides and aglycones?
Cardenolides are a class of steroids (or aglycones if viewed as cardiac glycoside constituents), and cardenolides are a subtype of this class (see MeSH D codes list ). Cardenolides are C (23)-steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a five-membered lactone (specifically a butenolide) at C-17.
What are the characteristics of C17 cardenolides?
Cardenolides are a diverse group of steroidal natural products that act as allosteric inhibitors of Na-K ATPase, which have attracted considerable interests due to their medicinal properties. They possess a common steroid core of 5β,14β-androstane-3β,14β-diol equipped with a five-membered lactone at C17.