What is ABC transport system?
The ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporter is one of the active transport systems of the cell, which is widespread in archaea, eubacteria, and eukaryotes (Higgins 1992). The ABC transporters form the largest group of paralogous genes in bacterial and archaeal genomes (Tatusov et al.
What do ABC transporters move?
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are an example of ATP-dependent pumps. ABC transporters are ubiquitous membrane-bound proteins, present in all prokaryotes, as well as plants, fungi, yeast and animals. These pumps can move substrates in (influx) or out (efflux) of cells.
How do ABC transporters affect medication treatments?
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of transporter proteins that are responsible for drug resistance and a low bioavailability of drugs by pumping a variety of drugs out cells at the expense of ATP hydrolysis.
Are ABC transporters active or passive?
Membrane Transporter Classification ABC transporters are primary active transporters, which transport a wide range of substrates mainly to the outside of a cell membrane or organelle.
How many ABC transporters are there?
There are 48 ABC transporters in humans [8,9] and many of these have been shown to be responsible for or involved in disease states, including cystic fibrosis, Tangier disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, and cancer (see below).
Where are ABC transporters?
The ABC transporters comprise a large and multifunctional family of structurally related membrane proteins that are located in the plasma membrane of the cells or in the membrane of various cellular organelles.
What are ABC transporters that are found in bacterial membranes?
Primary transporters include the rotary motor ATPases (F-, A-, and V-ATPases), P-type ATPases and a large family of integral membrane proteins referred to as “ABC” (ATP binding cassette) transporters.
Where are ABC transporters found?
plasma membrane
The ABC transporters comprise a large and multifunctional family of structurally related membrane proteins that are located in the plasma membrane of the cells or in the membrane of various cellular organelles.
What are MDR transporters?
ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters are membrane transporters that hydrolyse ATP for the transmembrane transport of various amphiphilic molecules including lipids, peptides, homones, sterols, antigens.
Are ABC transporters P-type?
ABC transporters are primary active transporters, which transport a wide range of substrates mainly to the outside of a cell membrane or organelle. P-type ATPases are a family of transport enzymes which pump cations across the membrane using primary active transport.
What is the meaning of quick on the uptake?
Definition of uptake 1 : the act or action of grasping with the mind : understanding, comprehension —usually used in the phrases quick on the uptake and slow on the uptake Djuna was a very haughty lady, quick on the uptake [=quick to learn or understand], and with a wisecracking tongue that I was far too discreet to try and rival.
Why are ABC transporters considered to be an ABC superfamily?
ABC transporters are considered to be an ABC superfamily based on the similarities of the sequence and organization of their ATP-binding cassette (ABC) domains, even though the integral membrane proteins appear to have evolved independently several times, and thus comprise different protein families.
What is the function of ABC transporters in bacterial cells?
Bacterial ABC transporters are essential in cell viability, virulence, and pathogenicity. Iron ABC uptake systems, for example, are important effectors of virulence. Pathogens use siderophores, such as Enterobactin, to scavenge iron that is in complex with high-affinity iron-binding proteins or erythrocytes.
What happens when ABC transport proteins are overexpressed in cancer cells?
When the ABC transport proteins are overexpressed in cancer cells, they can export anticancer drugs and render tumors resistant. ABC transporters utilize the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to transport various substrates across cellular membranes.