What is downstream sequence?
When considering double-stranded DNA, upstream is toward the 5′ end of the coding strand for the gene in question and downstream is toward the 3′ end. Due to the anti-parallel nature of DNA, this means the 3′ end of the template strand is upstream of the gene and the 5′ end is downstream.
What is the meaning of regulatory sequence?
A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism. Regulation of gene expression is an essential feature of all living organisms and viruses.
What does downstream mean in transcription?
Downstream (or 3′ to) is in the direction of transcription (or translation) whereas upstream (5′ to) is in the direction from which the polymerase (or ribosome) has come.
What is downstream of a promoter?
In molecular biology, a downstream promoter element (DPE) is a core promoter element. Like all core promoters, the DPE plays an important role in the initiation of gene transcription by RNA polymerase II. It is located about 28–33 nucleotides downstream of the transcription start site.
What is meant by downstream analysis?
Downstream analysis means any analysis done after some common step (the data/information flows “downstream” from the initial step). Normally this would be whatever is done after alignment, so it’s too broad of a question to give a specific answer to.
Are introns regulatory sequences?
The genes regulated by introns are often expressed in most tissues and are among the most highly expressed in the genome. However, introns may be particularly useful in practical applications such as gene therapy because they strongly activate expression but only affect the transcription unit in which they are located.
What is meant by upstream sequence?
An upstream activating sequence or upstream activation sequence (UAS) is a cis-acting regulatory sequence. It is distinct from the promoter and increases the expression of a neighbouring gene.
What is downstream one?
Business challenge Beginning in 2005, the “Downstream-One” strategic initiative aimed to reduce complexity and enable change in three key ways: through simpler business models, standard global processes, and common IT systems.
What are downstream markets?
Related Content. Markets that are linked to the market in question, but are at levels below or after it in the supply chain (for example, certain man-made garments are downstream of markets for nylon thread).
What is downstream DNA?
Downstream DNA is the DNA which occurs towards the 3’ end from a particular point on the DNA. Moreover, we consider the DNA which occurs towards the 3’ end from the transcription initiation site as the downstream DNA of a gene. The downstream DNA of a gene contains the protein-coding region of the gene.
What is downstream processing?
Downstream processing is the phase of biomanufacturing typically considered to begin with harvest of bioreactor cell culture medium containing expressed active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and finishing with a highly purified and appropriately concentrated product ready for final formulation and packaging.
How does the regulatory sequence control gene expression?
Regulatory sequence controls when expression occurs for the multiple protein coding regions (red). Promoter, operator and enhancer regions (yellow) regulate the transcription of the gene into an mRNA. The mRNA untranslated regions (blue) regulate translation into the final protein products. In DNA, regulation of gene expression normally happens
What is regulatory sequence and promoter and enhancer region?
Regulatory sequence controls when and where expression occurs for the protein coding region (red). Promoter and enhancer regions (yellow) regulate the transcription of the gene into a pre-mRNA which is modified to remove introns (light grey) and add a 5′ cap and poly-A tail (dark grey).