What is meant by backwash effect?

It is an economic development effect suggested by Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal. It basically means that if one particular area in a country starts growing or developing, it causes people, human capital as well as physical capital (infrastructure, finance, machines etc.)

What is backwash effect and spread effect?

The spread effect is the spatial equivalent of trickle-down economics. ‘Generally, spread effects are the positive effects of urban proximity for communities, and backwash effects are the negative consequences of proximity.

What is backwash effect in assessment?

Backwash effect is usually defined as the impact of assessment on learning and teaching. Backwash effect is positive if the assessment results in favorable changes in learning and teaching strategies; and it is negative if the changes are undesired and discourage students from adopting a deep approach to learning.

What is washback in learning?

washback is “the effect of testing on teaching and learning”. More over Green ( 2013 ) stated. that the washback refers to the impact that a tes has on the teaching and learning done in preparation for it. The impacts are able to be occur in teaching and learning process in the classroom.

What is the backwash effect ap human geography?

Backwash Effect. The negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region. Break-of-Bulk Point. A location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets.

Who coined the term backwash effect?

The idea of backwash originated in international-trade theory in a book by Gunner Myrdal (1957). Myrdal noted that an increase in exports from a region may stimulate capital and labor flows into the region to the detriment of the localities from which the resources came.

What is positive and negative washback?

In positive washback, teaching the curriculum becomes the same as teaching to a specific test. Negative washback occurs in situations where there may be a mismatch between the stated goals of instruction and the focus of assessment; it may lead to the abandonment of instructional goals in favor of test preparation.

What is washback and backwash?

Washback or backwash, also known as measurement-driven instruction, is a common term in applied linguistics referring to the influence of testing on teaching and learning, which is a prevailing phenomena in education.

What did WW Rostow do?

Prominent for his role in shaping US foreign policy in Southeast Asia during the 1960s, he was a staunch anti-communist, noted for a belief in the efficacy of capitalism and free enterprise, and strongly supported US involvement in the Vietnam War.

What is the backwash effect in education?

The backwash effect (also known as the washback effect) is the influence that a test has on the way students are taught (e.g. the teaching mirrors the test because teachers want their students to pass). The washback effect is the outcome of a test or an examination which results either in positive or in a negative way.

What is backwash in economics?

Backwash occurs if the adverse effects dominate and the level of economic activity in the peripheral communities declines. The idea of backwash originated in international-trade theory in a book by Gunner Myrdal (1957). Click to see full answer. Herein, what is backwash effect? BACKWASH EFFECT & SPREAD EFFECT.

BACKWASH EFFECT & SPREAD EFFECT. It is an economic development effect suggested by Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal. It basically means that if one particular area in a country starts growing or developing, it causes people, human capital as well as physical capital (infrastructure, finance, machines etc.)

What is the origin of the term backwash?