What is normal Hertel?
For the entire study population, the Hertel EVs ranged from 10 mm to 22 mm; the mean EVs for the left eye (OS) and right eye (OD) were 15.0 ± 1.9 mm and 15.0 ± 2.0 mm, respectively; the upper normal limits of the EVs (mean + 2 SD) for OS and OD were 18.8 mm and 19.0 mm, respectively; the mean relative EV was 0.20 ± …
What is Hertel measurement?
The Hertel exophthalmometer is used to determine the axial position of the eyes. The instrument is placed on the lateral orbital rim of each side, using as small of a base as possible. Depending on the device, lines on the prism are placed into position by moving the examiners view point to determine the measurement.
What is the normal Exophthalmometry measurement of humans?
Normal values The normal range is 12–21 mm. Upper normal limit for people of African origin is a little higher, about 23–24 mm. A difference greater than 2 mm between the eyes is significant.
What is a Exophthalmometry used for?
An exophthalmometer is used to measure the prominence of the eye; most commonly, the Hertel exophthalmometer is used (Figure 14.1). It measures the anterior projection of the eye, from the lateral orbital rim to the cornea (Table 14.1).
How do you assess Exophthalmos?
Look for lid swelling, engorged conjunctival and episcleral vessels and lagophthalmos/incomplete lid closure. Palpate the orbit for any tenderness or masses and examine the regional lymph nodes. If you suspect a high-flow lesion, listen to the globe over the closed eyelid with a stethoscope.
How do you examine Exophthalmos?
What causes proptosis?
Proptosis is the medical term for bulging eyes. TED is the most common cause of proptosis. Other potential causes include cancer, eye injury, or infections. It’s important to contact a doctor if you have proptosis.
What is a Hertel exophthalmometer used for?
The Hertel exophthalmometer is used to determine the axial position of the eyes. The instrument is placed on the lateral orbital rim of each side, using as small of a base as possible. Depending on the device, lines on the prism are placed into position by moving the examiners view point…
What is a Hertel measurement used for?
Hertel measurement / Hertel exophthalmometer. The Hertel exophthalmometer is used to determine the axial position of the eyes. The instrument is placed on the lateral orbital rim of each side, using as small of a base as possible.
What is Pearson’s coefficient (r) for Hertel exophthalmometry?
Results: The Pearson’s coefficient (r) was 0.727 for Hertel exophthalmometry and CT method 1, 0.712 for Hertel and CT method 2, and 0.623 for Hertel and CT method 3.
Do CT scans and Hertel exophthalmometry relate to proptosis readings?
Proptosis readings with CT scans tended to be lower than those with Hertel exophthalmometry readings. Corneal thickness was approximately 0.5 mm, and CT scans used 2.5 mm sections through the orbit. The lower values found with CT scans are attributed to this difference between Hertel and CT. Proptosis readings were the shortest with CT method 3.