What is soft exudate?
A cotton-wool spot, or soft exudate, is a yellow-white lesion in the superficial retina that usually occupies an area less than one fourth that of the optic disc (Fig. 69-19). A cotton-wool spot can occur singly or in conjunction with many others (Fig. 69-20).
What is the difference between hard and soft exudates?
Exudates can be hard exudates (yellow spots seen in the retina) and soft exudates (pale yellow or white areas with ill-defined edges).
What are signs of hypertensive retinopathy?
Symptoms of hypertensive retinopathy
- reduced vision.
- eye swelling.
- bursting of a blood vessel.
- double vision accompanied by headaches.
What’s the difference between exudates and drusen?
Exudates are caused by leaking fatty deposits from blood vessels and appear in compact groups, whereas drusen are believed to be a result of a reduced capacity of the retina to cleanse waste products from the photoreceptors and can appear over the whole retina.
How can you tell the difference between drusen and hard exudates?
What are hard exudates?
Hard exudates are small white or yellowish white deposits with sharp margins. Often, they appear waxy, shiny, or glistening. They are located in the outer layers of the retina, deep to the retinal vessels.
Are exudates seen in hypertensive retinopathy?
The signs of hypertensive retinopathy include constricted and tortuous arterioles, retinal hemorrhage (Figure 1-3), hard exudates (Figure 2), cotton wool spots (Figure 1 & 3), retinal edema, and papilledema (Figure 3).
What are exudates in the eye?
The fluid is made of cells, proteins, and solid materials. Exudate may ooze from cuts or from areas of infection or inflammation. It is also called pus. In people who have an eye disease called diabetic retinopathy, exudates form in the retina of the eye.
What do you see in Fundoscopy?
Fundoscopic / Ophthalmoscopic Exam. Visualization of the retina can provide lots of information about a medical diagnosis. These diagnoses include high blood pressure, diabetes, increased pressure in the brain and infections like endocarditis.
What is another name for a funduscopic examination?
Synonyms for funduscopic examination include funduscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and direct ophthalmoscopy. Only ophthalmologists perform retinoscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy, which require other equipment and provide different information. NCBI Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To
What does a fundoscopy of the eye reveal?
Fundoscopy typically reveals severe tortuosity, engorgement of retinal veins, deep haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and optic disc swelling. Age-related macular degeneration is a degenerative disorder of the macula and the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population.
What does a normal fundus look like?
The normal fundus should be void of any hemorrhages, exudates, or tortuous vasculature. Normal Fundus. The disk has sharp margins and is normal in color, with a small central cup. Arterioles and venules have normal color, sheen, and course. Background is in normal color.
What is normal fundus in eye exam?
Fundal examination should be an integral part of any eye examination. The cup/disk ratio is slightly larger in the African American population. The normal fundus should be void of any hemorrhages, exudates, or tortuous vasculature. Normal Fundus.