What is the affective filter according to Krashen?
The Affective Filter hypothesis embodies Krashen’s view that a number of ‘affective variables’ play a facilitative, but non-causal, role in second language acquisition. These variables include: motivation, self-confidence, anxiety and personality traits.
What are some examples of affective filter?
The affective filter is a metaphor that describes a learner’s attitudes that affect the relative success of second language acquisition. Negative feelings such as lack of motivation, lack of self-confidence and learning anxiety act as filters that hinder and obstruct language learning.
What is high affective filter?
The affective filter is an invisible psychological filter that can either facilitate or hinder language production in a second language. When the filter is high: Students experience stress. Students feel anxious and self-conscious.
What is the affective filter and what 3 factors influence it?
Krashen (1986) cites motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety in the Affective Filter Hypothesis as three categories of variables that play a role in second language acquisition.
What is Krashen’s i 1?
“i+1” (Input Hypothesis) was originally a theory of learning developed by the linguist Stephen Krashen in the 1970s. It basically says that learning is most effective when you meet the learners’ current level and add one level of difficulty, like the next rung on a ladder.
What causes high affective filter?
What causes a high affective filter? Stress and discomfort will adversely affect learning. In order to be able to learn effectively, a learner should feel safe and comfortable in the learning environment. The learner should not experience high levels of stress or anxiety during the learning process.
How teachers should deal with the affective filter?
THE RIGHT WAY TO DEAL WITH THE AFFECTIVE FILTER Teach with tone, not words. Make the assumption that many of the words won’t be understood by the learner anyway. Positive body language, tone of voice, and a nurturing atmosphere. Make it clear you want your pupils to win!
What is Stephen Krashen known for?
Stephen Krashen is Emeritus Professor of Education at the University of Southern California. He is best known for his work in establishing a general theory of second language acquisition, as the cofounder of the Natural Approach, and as the inventor of sheltered subject matter teaching.
Is comprehensible input enough?
Caldwell (2009), comprehensible input, defined by Krashen as understanding messages, is indeed the necessary condition for acquisition, but it is not sufficient. Learners will crack the speech code only if they receive input that is comprehended at two levels.
How does affective filter actually work?
What is Krashen’s Affective Filter hypothesis?
The Affective Filter Hypothesis: Definition and Criticism. Linguist and educator Stephen Krashen proposed the Monitor Model, his theory of second language acquisition, in Principles and practice in second language acquisition as published in 1982.
What is Krashen’s monitor model?
Linguist and educator Stephen Krashen proposed the Monitor Model, his theory of second language acquisition, in Principles and practice in second language acquisition as published in 1982. According to the Monitor Model, five hypotheses account for the acquisition of a second language:
How does affective filter affect language acquisition?
People with high affective filter will lower their intake whereas people with low affective filter allow more input into their language acquisition device. Affective filter hypothesis is first proposed by Dulay and Burt (1977), and is incorporated by Krashen as one of his five input Hypotheses in 1985.